The best description of how Charlemagne changed Europe is:
D. Charlemagne consolidated most of Western Europe as founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, was a significant figure in European history who united a large portion of Western Europe and was crowned Emperor by the Pope in 800 AD, leading to the formation of what is often referred to as the Carolingian Empire, which laid the foundations for modern European states.