To conduct an appropriately randomized experiment, it's essential to have a clearly defined population that allows for random selection and ensures that the participants are representative of the group being studied.
Among the populations you provided:
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Population #1: dogs in California is quite broad and includes a variety of breeds and sizes, which could introduce variability in responses to diet due to factors other than diet itself.
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Population #2: golden retrievers in Omaha, Nebraska is more specific but still limited to one breed and location, which might not provide a diverse enough sample for generalizable results about dogs in general.
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Population #3: poodles in the United States also focuses on one breed, which has its limitations similar to Population #2.
If Hiya's goal is to study the effect of diet on all dogs, neither of the breed-specific populations would be ideal. However, conducting the experiment on Population #1: dogs in California would potentially allow for a better representation of different breeds, sizes, and lifestyles, making it more suitable for randomization.
In summary, Population #1: dogs in California would be the best choice for an appropriately randomized experiment to study the effect of diet on the activity level of dogs.