The phrase that best exemplifies the centrifugal force of cultural characteristics on societies is ethnic enclave.
Ethnic enclaves are neighborhoods or areas where a particular ethnic group is concentrated, which can create divisions within the broader society. They can lead to a sense of separation and distinct identity that pulls communities apart, making it a centrifugal force in cultural dynamics.
In contrast, diffusion refers to the spread of cultural elements, multiculturalism promotes coexistence among different cultures, and ethnocentrism involves judging other cultures by the standards of one’s own, which can create conflict but is more about perspective than a physical separation of groups.