McCarthyism created a culture of uniformity and paranoia that lasted for years, instilling fear of communist infiltration and leading to widespread conformity among Americans. Many people lost their jobs and faced reputational damage, as criticizing the U.S. or being different was discouraged. Even after McCarthyism declined, its effects continued to influence American society and politics.
Were there in fact communists in America?
The answer is undoubtedly yes. But many of the accused had attended party rallies 15 or more years before the hearings — it had been fashionable to do so in the 1930s.
Although the Soviet spy ring did penetrate the highest levels of the American government, the vast majority of the accused were innocent victims. All across America, state legislatures and school boards mimicked McCarthy and HUAC. Thousands of people lost their jobs and had their reputations tarnished.
Other Witch-Hunt Victims
Unions were special target of communist hunters. Sensing an unfavorable environment, the AFL (American Federation of Labor) and the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations) merged in 1955 to close ranks. Books were pulled from library shelves, including Robin Hood, which was deemed communist-like for suggesting stealing from the rich to give to the poor.
No politician could consider opening trade with China or withdrawing from Southeast Asia without being branded a communist. Although McCarthyism was dead by the mid-1950s, its effects lasted for decades.
Above all, several messages became crystal clear to the average American: Don't criticize the United States. Don't be different. Just conform.How did McCarthyism affect America for years to come?
Most Americans still fear communist infiltration and corruption today.
Many Americans lost their jobs, and Nixon had to open trade with China to make up for it.
McCarthyism created a culture of uniformity and paranoia that feared anything slightly different.
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