George Westinghouse made significant contributions to railroad transportation, particularly through his development of air brake technology. His innovations transformed the safety and efficiency of train operations in several key ways:
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Air Brake System: In 1869, Westinghouse invented the air brake, which uses compressed air to apply brakes on trains. This system allowed for simultaneous braking of all cars in a train, improving control and safety, especially for long freight trains. Prior to this, trains relied on manual braking systems, which were less efficient and more dangerous.
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Standardization: Westinghouse's air brake system became widely adopted across the railroad industry, leading to standardization of braking systems. This not only enhanced the safety of train travel but also streamlined operations across various rail networks.
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Impact on Speed and Capacity: The introduction of the air brake made it feasible for trains to operate at higher speeds and carry heavier loads, thereby increasing the efficiency of railroad transportation. The improved braking system reduced stopping distances and allowed trains to be operated more safely on steeper grades.
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Westinghouse Air Brake Company: In 1881, he founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company, which played a crucial role in manufacturing and promoting air brakes. The company became a dominant player in the industry, furthering the implementation of this technology across North American railroads.
Westinghouse's contributions not only enhanced the safety of railroad transportation but also facilitated the growth of the U.S. rail network, enabling the expansion of commerce and travel during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work laid the groundwork for many modern rail transport systems, and the air brake remains a critical component in railway safety today.