Describe recent divisions and changes to political systems in the Middle East.(1 point)

Question

Responses

The rulers of various countries have used their power to eliminate term limits, which is a sign of a weak political system.
The rulers of various countries have used their power to eliminate term limits, which is a sign of a weak political system.

The regime changes of the Arab Spring were caused by division and frustrations with the region’s political systems, which caused protests in the region.
The regime changes of the Arab Spring were caused by division and frustrations with the region’s political systems, which caused protests in the region.

A lack of needed resources, such as food and medical care; social or cultural divisions; trauma from historical or contemporary events; and other factors caused protests.
A lack of needed resources, such as food and medical care; social or cultural divisions; trauma from historical or contemporary events; and other factors caused protests.

The end of apartheid in South Africa, as well as the end of various dictatorships throughout the continent, including in the Sudan, caused a strengthening of political systems.

Answer 1

Recent divisions and changes to political systems in the Middle East have been influenced by a combination of factors, leading to significant unrest and transformation. Key points include:

1. Elimination of Term Limits: Several rulers in the region have utilized their authority to abolish term limits, which often indicates a consolidation of power and a lack of democratic mechanisms. This is seen as a sign of weakened political systems, as leaders prioritize their hold on power over potential reforms or democratic processes.

2. Arab Spring Protests: The Arab Spring, which began in 2010, was fueled by widespread dissatisfaction with political systems across the Middle East. Citizens expressed grievances stemming from economic hardship, governmental corruption, and lack of accountability, leading to protests that challenged existing regimes. The desire for democratic governance and human rights emerged as central themes during this period.

3. Socio-Economic Factors: Protests in various Middle Eastern countries have also been driven by essential shortages of resources like food, medical care, and employment opportunities. Additionally, social and cultural divisions within societies, as well as the lingering effects of both historical and contemporary traumas, have exacerbated tensions and fueled grievances among populations.

4. Shifts in Governance: While the Arab Spring initially led to some regime changes, the aftermath has seen a mix of outcomes, including renewed authoritarianism, civil conflict, or in some cases, fragile democratic transitions. Different countries have experienced various levels of political instability or reform, reflecting the complexities of governance in the region.

These elements highlight the ongoing struggles within Middle Eastern political systems as they navigate change and the demand for improved governance from their populations.