Question 1

Question

The diagram shows a cladogram for plants.

Which statement is supported by the cladogram?

a
Liverworts show apical growth.
b
Gymnosperms contain vascular tissue.
c
Flowering plants and charophytes have megaphylls.
d
Club mosses and ferns produce seeds for reproduction.
Question 2
In the modern classification system, organisms are classified based on evolutionary relationships. The illustration below shows how several groups of organisms are classified.

Image

Among the living species, which two organisms are most closely related?

a
A and G
b
C and F
c
B and G
d
E and F
Question 3
Look at the image below.

Image

Which group of plants evolved after cone-bearing plants?

a
ferns
b
mosses
c
green algae
d
flowering plants
Question 4
The table shows some physical characteristics of four different animals.

Animal Characteristics

Animal fur legs lungs mouth
cat ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
kangaroo ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
shark ✔
snake ✔ ✔

Which cladogram correctly organizes the information in the table?
A.




B.



C.




D.



a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
Question 5
The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all living things is thought to have lived between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. This is the last organism with which the organisms of today share a common descent. Despite their differences, all living things share the same basic characteristics of life.

Examine the phylogenetic tree below, then choose the response that explains why, in terms of the characteristics of life, both bacterial kingdoms are separated on the tree from animals, plants, protists, and fungi.

image 103ef1d695aa424988c0867f130b5180

a
All living things must reproduce. People can compare the two bacterial kingdoms based on their mode of reproduction, which is binary fission. The animals, plants, protists, and fungi all reproduce sexually, a characteristic that allows people to compare those kingdoms.
b
All living things grow and develop. Bacteria are small but do get bigger when they are ready to undergo mitosis. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all grow due to the process of meiosis, the process that makes new body cells.
c
All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
d
All living things must use energy. The method that bacteria use to obtain energy is different than the other kingdoms. Both bacterial kingdoms are capable of making their own energy from chemicals in their environment. Animals, protists, and fungi have to find their own food, whereas plants use photosynthesis to make glucose.
Question 6
The table shows the characteristics of four organisms.

image d543aefe596b433abcc8ba8973cf55b4

Which cladogram correctly organizes the information in the table?

A.
image 74dac604b5b447c5bccac87182c48e3b




B.
image 465138f679584c1b8f7879ce41f038f4




C.
image 33fe3d3a6ef54a8ead00c5a837ff047a




D.
image f6dac8a9f2b948a796db75dfbcc69879



a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
Question 7
The diagram shows an animal cladogram.

Which table correctly matches the features to the letters labeled on the cladogram?
A.


Letter on Cladogram Feature
W four limbs
X amniotic eggs
Y hair
Z eggs with shells



B.


Letter on Cladogram Feature
W amniotic eggs
X eggs with shells
Y hair
Z four limbs



C.


Letter on Cladogram Feature
W hair
X eggs with shells
Y amniotic eggs
Z four limbs



D.


Letter on Cladogram Feature
W hair
X four limbs
Y eggs with shells
Z amniotic eggs


a
A
b
B
c
C
d
D
Question 8
The evolutionary pathways of five species are represented in the diagram below.

Which statement is best supported by the diagram?

a
Species T and Species U are related to species X.
b
Species U and V evolved from Species S.
c
Species X evolved later than Species U but before Species S.
d
Species T is the ancestor of Species S.
Question 9
Peyton draws a cladogram using a cat, whale, praying mantis, and water boatman. She uses the diagram showing homologous and analogous structures to help her with her cladogram.

Which organisms does she draw on the same branch, showing a common ancestor?

a
praying mantis and cat
b
whale and water boatman
c
praying mantis and water boatman
d
praying mantis and whale
Question 10
Gradual genetic development is often represented as a tree similar to the one shown in the diagram.

This diagram suggests that

a
biochemical differences show that no two organisms could ever have had a common ancestor.
b
only the most well-adapted organisms will survive.
c
different groups of organisms may have similar characteristics because of common ancestry.
d
speciation is a predictable event that happens every few years.

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions based on the provided clues and typical biological knowledge regarding cladistics, evolutionary biology, and phylogenetics:

Question 1 The statement supported by the cladogram is: b. Gymnosperms contain vascular tissue.

Question 2 Among the living species, the two organisms that are most closely related are: b. C and F.

Question 3 The group of plants that evolved after cone-bearing plants is: d. flowering plants.

Question 4 The cladogram that correctly organizes the information in the table is: b. B.

Question 5 The response that explains why both bacterial kingdoms are separated on the tree from animals, plants, protists, and fungi, concerning the characteristics of life is: c. All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.

Question 6 The cladogram that correctly organizes the information in the table is: b. B.

Question 7 The table that correctly matches the features to the letters labeled on the cladogram is: a. A.

Question 8 The statement best supported by the diagram is: b. Species U and V evolved from Species S.

Question 9 The organisms that Peyton draws on the same branch, showing a common ancestor, are: b. whale and water boatman.

Question 10 This diagram suggests that: c. different groups of organisms may have similar characteristics because of common ancestry.

If you require more details or explanations for any answers, feel free to ask!