Question 1

Question

Suppose a white blood cell destroys invading bacteria by phagocytosis. Which statement best describes this process?

a
The white blood cells are using passive transport and therefore are not using energy.
b
The white blood cells are using osmosis and therefore are using energy.
c
The white blood cells are using active transport, and therefore are using energy.
d
The white blood cells are using diffusion and therefore are not using energy.
Question 2
Look at the image below:

The process on the left is:
The process on the right is:

a
Left: meiosis Right: meiosis
b
Left: mitosis Right: meiosis
c
Left: meiosis Right: cloning
d
Left: mitosis Right: mitosis
Question 3
Select all that are disadvantages to sexual reproduction.

a
slower reproduction rate
b
less reliable reproduction
c
does not require fertilization
d
more genetic variation species
e
children different than parents
f
takes time and energy to find mate
Question 4
According to the Endosymbiotic Theory, cells were______________ before being engulfed by the eukaryotic cell.

a
free-living eukaryotes
b
viruses
c
free-living prokaryotes
d
organelles
Question 5
Refer to the cladogram OR phylogenetic tree. What was an important trait surfaced after the evolution of jaws?
cladogram1.jpg

a
fur
b
salamander
c
lungs
d
perch
Question 6
The Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) of all living things is thought to have lived between 3.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. This is the last organism with which the organisms of today share a common descent. Despite their differences, all living things share the same basic characteristics of life.

Examine the phylogenetic tree below, then choose the response that explains why, in terms of the characteristics of life, both bacterial kingdoms are separated on the tree from animals, plants, protists, and fungi.

image 103ef1d695aa424988c0867f130b5180

a
All living things grow and develop. Bacteria are small but do get bigger when they are ready to undergo mitosis. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all grow due to the process of meiosis, the process that makes new body cells.
b
All living things must reproduce. People can compare the two bacterial kingdoms based on their mode of reproduction, which is binary fission. The animals, plants, protists, and fungi all reproduce sexually, a characteristic that allows people to compare those kingdoms.
c
All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.
d
All living things must use energy. The method that bacteria use to obtain energy is different than the other kingdoms. Both bacterial kingdoms are capable of making their own energy from chemicals in their environment. Animals, protists, and fungi have to find their own food, whereas plants use photosynthesis to make glucose.
Question 7
What determines which individuals will survive and pass their traits on to the next generation?

a
commensalism
b
mutualism
c
interspecies reproduction
d
natural selection
Question 8
Difference between members of the same species that drives evolution are called

a
variations.
b
homologous structures.
c
artificial selections.
d
acquired traits.
Question 9
Darwin's theory of evolution was developed before scientists completely understood genes and heredity. The work of which scientist was most influential in connecting the concepts of natural selection and genetics?

Population Genetics – Evolution, Natural Selection, and Genetics

a
Alexander Fleming
b
Louis Pasteur
c
Gregor Mendel
d
Robert Hooke
Question 10
The most-likely cause of the changes in beak size among the finches on the Galapagos Island was

a
the types of food that were on the different islands
b
the humidity in the air
c
the availability of water
d
mating choices
Question 11
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin's observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galapagos Islands?

a
tendency toward perfection
b
adaptation
c
acquired characteristics
d
turtle-mole ratio
e
artificial selection
Question 12
It is believed that wild turkeys are descended from a peafowl-like, or peacock-like, ancestor. Look at the two photographs. The wild turkey is shown on the left, and the modern peacock is shown on the right.

676ea98b-1820-4877-84e7-c3e13f037bac



What genetic difference between the two animals is visible in the pictures?

a
The wild turkey has feathers on its lower legs.
b
The wild turkey lacks fanned feathers on its head.
c
The wild turkey exhibits no variation in color.
d
The wild turkey lacks a noticeable tail.
Question 13
Match each definition in the first column with the correct word in the second column.

Curious Kids: when I swipe a matchstick how does it make fire?

Column A
1.
Heritable differences within a species supporting evolutionary changes:
Heritable differences within a species supporting evolutionary changes
2.
Changes in a population over time:
Changes in a population over time
3.
Process by which individuals that are better adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than others:
Process by which individuals that are better adapted to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than others
4.
Disappearance of ALL members of a species from Earth:
Disappearance of ALL members of a species from Earth
5.
Remains or imprints of a once-living organism:
Remains or imprints of a once-living organism
Column B
a.extinction
b.evolution
c.natural selection
d.variation
e.fossil
Question 14
Which is the best explanation of why DNA can be used to show relationships between species?

a
DNA sequences will be similar in species that undergo the same catastrophic events.
b
DNA sequences will be similar in species that have evolved together through natural selection.
c
DNA sequences will be similar in species that are exposed to the same radiation sources.
d
DNA sequences will be similar among species that eat the same kinds of food.
Question 15
Speciation, which leads to diversity among species through natural selection, occurs when

a
species interact with other species in an ecosystem and develop similar traits to each other.
b
once similar species are no longer able to mate and produce fertile offspring.
c
species experience change within their lineage and develop new characteristics.
d
organisms develop characteristics that mimics traits of a completely different species.
Question 16
Review the three types of polygenic selection graphs.

Which type of selection would most likely lead to the most differences in the population, and eventually - speciation.

a
directional selection
b
disruptive selection
c
stabilizing selection
d
Impossible to determine from the data
Question 17
The graphs show two types of natural selection.

Which statement correctly describes the types of selection represented in the two graphs?

a
Directional selection is represented in Graph A, and disruptive selection is represented in Graph B.
b
Stabilizing selection is represented in Graph A, and disruptive selection is represented in Graph B.
c
Disruptive selection is represented in Graph A, and directional selection is represented in Graph B.
d
Stabilizing selection is represented in Graph A, and directional selection is represented in Graph B.
Question 18
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - ScienceAid

a
q=0.04; p=0.16
b
q=0.1; p=1.0
c
q=0.8; p=0.2
d
q=0.2; p=0.8
Question 19
The Hardy-Weinberg Model is...

a
available at local hobby stores and retailers throughout the Greater Metro Atlanta area.
b
always occurring within individual organisms in nature.
c
a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.
d
only useful in the lab and cannot be practically applied to real-world populations of organisms.
Question 20
In a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of the recessive homozygote
genotype of a certain trait is 0.13. Calculate the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant
allele.

Hardy-Weinberg Study Guide | Inspirit

a
p^2= 29%
b
p^2= 40%
c
q^2= 57%
d
q^2= 23%
Question 21
When a new viral infection appears, scientists try to develop a vaccine to destroy the virus. What would most likely be contained in the new vaccine?

a
a weakened form of the virus itself
b
a white blood cell from an infected individual
c
a live bacterium that ingests the virus
d
a microbe that attacks the virus
Question 22
Aaron hated bugs and paid an exterminator to spray his house, monthly. The pesticide used was always the same type and concentration. After time, he found that there were more and more bugs in his home, even immediately after a visit from the exterminator.

Arachnophobia 2' With John Goodman? Count me in! |

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the change in the bug community?

a
New, stronger bugs moved into Aaron's home due to lack of competition.
b
The bugs that survived learned to adapt to the pesticide.
c
The bugs survived the frequent spraying by acquiring traits that protected them.
d
The surviving bugs had the adaptation of being resistant to the pesticide used.
Question 23
When penicillin was first introduced, it was effective in destroying most of the bacteria that cause gonorrhea. Today, certain varieties of this bacterium are resistant to penicillin. Which statement best explains the appearance of these resistant varieties?

a
Penicillin used today is not as strong as the penicillin used when it was first introduced.
b
Penicillin stimulated the bacteria to become resistant, and the resistance was passed to the offspring.
c
Penicillin stimulated the production of antigens in the resistant bacteria.
d
Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, and naturally resistant variations survived to reproduce.
Question 24
The model shows the effects of pesticides on an insect population.

What role did natural selection most likely play in this situation?

a
The pesticide caused mutations in some of the insects that allowed them to survive.
b
Some of the insects became stronger due to the pesticide.
c
Some of the insects had mutations that made them resistant to the pesticide.
d
The pesticide only affected the very young and the very old insects.
Question 25
How do vaccinations prepare the body's immune system to fight invasions of a specific pathogen?

a
by directing the immune system to produce antibodies to fight that specific pathogen
b
by directing the immune system to produce more white and red blood cells, which will fight the specific pathogen
c
by directing the immune system to produce antibodies to fight all pathogens
d
by directing the immune system to produce more of all pathogens

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 1:
c. The white blood cells are using active transport, and therefore are using energy.

Question 2:
b. Left: mitosis Right: meiosis

Question 3:
a. slower reproduction rate
b. less reliable reproduction
f. takes time and energy to find mate

Question 4:
c. free-living prokaryotes

Question 5:
c. lungs

Question 6:
c. All living things contain at least one cell. Animals, plants, protists, and fungi all contain eukaryotic cells. Both bacterial kingdoms contain organisms with prokaryotic cells.

Question 7:
d. natural selection

Question 8:
a. variations.

Question 9:
c. Gregor Mendel

Question 10:
a. the types of food that were on the different islands

Question 11:
b. adaptation

Question 12:
d. The wild turkey lacks a noticeable tail.

Question 13:
1 - d. variation
2 - b. evolution
3 - c. natural selection
4 - a. extinction
5 - e. fossil

Question 14:
b. DNA sequences will be similar in species that have evolved together through natural selection.

Question 15:
b. once similar species are no longer able to mate and produce fertile offspring.

Question 16:
b. disruptive selection

Question 17:
a. Directional selection is represented in Graph A, and disruptive selection is represented in Graph B.

Question 18:
d. q=0.2; p=0.8

Question 19:
c. a mathematical tool that biologists can use to predict allele frequencies and determine whether or not evolution is occurring within a population.

Question 20:
a. p^2= 29%

Question 21:
a. a weakened form of the virus itself

Question 22:
d. The surviving bugs had the adaptation of being resistant to the pesticide used.

Question 23:
d. Penicillin killed the susceptible bacteria, and naturally resistant variations survived to reproduce.

Question 24:
c. Some of the insects had mutations that made them resistant to the pesticide.

Question 25:
a. by directing the immune system to produce antibodies to fight that specific pathogen