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Create a how to play rulebook for volleyball.

Research a specific disability and list 2-3 of the most common issues
students encounter.
Using the engineering design process, design a modified game of
volleyball (beach volleyball) to engage learners with diverse abilities,
ensuring everyone can participate fully.
How would you adapt:

rules
equipment
playing field

1 answer

Volleyball Rulebook: How to Play

Objective

The objective of volleyball is to score points by sending the ball over the net and grounding it on the opponent's side of the court. A game typically consists of two teams of six players each.

Basic Rules

  1. Teams:

    • Each team consists of six players.
    • Teams may have substitutes.

  2. Scoring:

    • Volleyball uses rally scoring; a point is scored on every serve, regardless of which team served.
    • Matches are usually played to the best of five sets. A set is won by the first team to reach 25 points, with a minimum lead of two points.

  3. Rotation and Positioning:

    • Players must rotate positions in a clockwise manner after winning the serve from the opposing team.
    • Each team must have three hits to return the ball over the net.

  4. Hits:

    • Players can use any part of their body to hit the ball.
    • Players cannot hit the ball twice in succession.

  5. Serving:

    • The player serving must stand behind the baseline and serves the ball underhand or overhand.
    • If the serve hits the net but goes over and lands in the opponent's court, it is considered a legal serve.

  6. Fouls:

    • Contacting the net, crossing the center line, and blocking or spiking from an improper position are potential fouls leading to a point for the opposing team.

  7. Timeouts:

    • Each team is allowed two timeouts per set, lasting 30 seconds.

Disabilities and Challenges

Research on Disability: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Common Issues Encountered:

  1. Sensory Sensitivity:

    • Individuals with ASD may experience discomfort due to loud noises, bright lights, or crowded environments. The sounds of volleyball hits and player communication may be overwhelming.

  2. Social Interaction:

    • Many individuals with ASD find social interactions challenging, which involves communication and teamwork in a sport setting.

  3. Motor Skills:

    • Some individuals may experience difficulties with coordination and fine motor skills, making it challenging to serve, pass, or set the ball effectively.

Modified Game of Beach Volleyball for Diverse Abilities

Engineering Design Process

Step 1: Define the Problem

In order to ensure that all learners, including those with disabilities, can fully participate in a game of beach volleyball, adaptations to the rules, equipment, and playing field are necessary.

Step 2: Research & Brainstorm

Identify specific adaptations based on the common issues faced by individuals with ASD, ensuring that modifications promote inclusivity.

Step 3: Ideation

Adaptations for Beach Volleyball:

  1. Rules:

    • Flexible Team Composition: Teams can be adjusted to include fewer players or add players who may not be able to perform at the same level.
    • Inclusive Scoring System: Points can be awarded for participation (e.g., a point for each time a player touches the ball).
    • Reduced Game Length: Sets can be shorter (to 15 points) to maintain engagement and energy levels.

  2. Equipment:

    • Larger, Lighter Ball: A larger, lighter beach ball may be used to facilitate easier handling and reduces the fear of hard impacts.
    • Processing Tools: Use of visual aids or signal cards to help players indicate their intentions during play (e.g., when they want to serve or need assistance).

  3. Playing Field:

    • Modified Court Size: The court size can be smaller to reduce the running distance and make the game more accessible.
    • Visual Boundaries: Use brightly colored tape or cones to clearly delineate the court boundaries, making it easier for players to visualize the playing area.
    • Acoustic Signals: Adding softer music or sounds instead of loud whistles or claps to indicate the start and end of the play can help soothe sensory sensitivities.

Step 4: Prototype

Create a session where these modifications are tested. Invite learners with various abilities to play and provide feedback on the game experience.

Step 5: Evaluate & Refine

Based on player feedback, refine adaptations as necessary. Continue observing the dynamics of the game and alter rules, equipment, or adaptations as needed to ensure maximum inclusivity.

By providing a welcoming and adaptive structure to beach volleyball, learners with diverse abilities can confidently participate and enjoy the game, fostering not just skills, but teamwork and social inclusion.