The events that led to the end of Athens's power and greatest glory include:
- a plague
- defeat by Sparta
The Athenian plague occurred during the Peloponnesian War, significantly weakening the city-state. Additionally, Athens's defeat by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War marked the end of its dominance in the Greek world. The other options, "defeat by the Persians" and "a volcanic eruption," are not directly relevant to the decline of Athenian power.