To simplify the expression \( 2(t - 4) + 1 \), we can start by distributing the 2:
\[ 2(t - 4) = 2t - 8 \]
Now we substitute this back into the expression:
\[ 2(t - 4) + 1 = 2t - 8 + 1 \]
Next, we combine like terms:
\[ 2t - 8 + 1 = 2t - 7 \]
Therefore, the equivalent expression is:
\[ \boxed{2t - 7} \]
So the correct answer is C: \( 2t - 7 \).