The correct interpretation of the margin of error given the confidence interval (0.40, 0.52) is:
With 99% confidence, the population proportion falls between 0.40 and 0.52.
This means that based on the sample data, we are 99% confident that the true population proportion lies within this interval.
The other statements either incorrectly describe the relationship between the sample proportion and the confidence interval or misinterpret the meaning of confidence intervals altogether.