The correct equation that shows the relation between the vertices of a dilated figure and the vertices of the original figure when the original figure is dilated using a scale factor of 5 is:
\[ (x_{2}, y_{2}) = (5x_{1}, 5y_{1}) \]
This equation indicates that each coordinate of the original figure, represented by \((x_{1}, y_{1})\), is multiplied by the scale factor (5) to get the coordinates of the dilated figure, \((x_{2}, y_{2})\).