A keystone species is one whose importance in an ecosystem is disproportionate to its abundance. These species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms and the ecosystem as a whole. Keystone species can be predators, herbivores, or even plants.
Keystone species are most likely to be found in:
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Coral Reefs: These ecosystems often have specific species (like certain types of fish or corals) that keep the system balanced and healthy.
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Forests: Trees such as the Douglas fir or keystone predator species like wolves can regulate populations of herbivores and other species.
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Grasslands: Large herbivores, like bison or elephants, can act as keystone species by influencing plant community composition and nutrient cycling.
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Freshwater Systems: Certain fish species or beavers can dramatically alter habitats and water flow, affecting entire aquatic and riparian communities.
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Deserts: Species such as the cactus or certain pollinators can be critical to the survival of numerous other plant and animal species in these ecosystems.
In summary, keystone species are likely to be found in diverse ecosystems where they have significant interactions with other species and contribute to the maintenance of ecological balance.