A solar panel is made up of a number of key components, primarily:
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Solar Cells: These are the fundamental units of the solar panel, typically made from silicon. They convert sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
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Glass Layer: A protective glass layer is often placed on the top of the solar panel to shield the solar cells from environmental factors such as weather and debris while allowing sunlight to pass through.
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Backing Material: This is usually a durable, weather-resistant material that forms the rear side of the solar panel. It protects the solar cells and other internal components.
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Frame: The frame, usually made of aluminum, provides structural support and protection for the solar panel. It also facilitates the mounting of the panel.
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Junction Box: This component houses the electrical connections and diodes that manage the flow of electricity generated by the solar cells.
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Encapsulant: A layer of encapsulating material, often made of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), surrounds the solar cells to protect them from moisture and mechanical shock.
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Anti-Reflective Coating: This coating is applied to the surface of the solar cells to reduce reflection and increase the amount of sunlight absorbed.
These components work together to enable the solar panel to efficiently convert sunlight into usable electricity for residential or commercial applications.