Marina conducts an experiment investigating Newton’s first law of motion by sliding several objects across a smooth floor. The time in seconds it took for each object to travel 100 centimeters is recorded in the following table.

Newton’s First Law of Motion
Surface: Smooth Floor – Time in Seconds
Object Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
Toy 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1
Block 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.4
Ball 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1
Pen 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.5
Which of the items had the fastest average speed over the five trials?

(1 point)
Responses

the Pen
the Pen

the Ball
the Ball

the Toy
the Toy

the Block
the Block
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1 answer

To determine which object had the fastest average speed over the five trials, we first need to calculate the average time taken by each object over the trials. Then we'll calculate the average speed using the formula:

\[ \text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} \]

where the distance is 100 centimeters.

1. Average Time for Each Object:

  • Toy: \[ \text{Average time} = \frac{3.1 + 2.9 + 3.0 + 2.9 + 3.1}{5} = \frac{15.0}{5} = 3.0 \text{ seconds} \]

  • Block: \[ \text{Average time} = \frac{3.2 + 3.0 + 3.6 + 3.3 + 3.4}{5} = \frac{16.5}{5} = 3.3 \text{ seconds} \]

  • Ball: \[ \text{Average time} = \frac{2.3 + 2.1 + 2.2 + 2.1 + 2.1}{5} = \frac{10.8}{5} = 2.16 \text{ seconds} \]

  • Pen: \[ \text{Average time} = \frac{1.8 + 1.9 + 2.1 + 1.7 + 1.5}{5} = \frac{9.0}{5} = 1.8 \text{ seconds} \]

2. Calculating Average Speed:

Now we calculate the average speed for each object:

  • Toy: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{100 \text{ cm}}{3.0 \text{ s}} = 33.33 \text{ cm/s} \]

  • Block: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{100 \text{ cm}}{3.3 \text{ s}} \approx 30.30 \text{ cm/s} \]

  • Ball: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{100 \text{ cm}}{2.16 \text{ s}} \approx 46.30 \text{ cm/s} \]

  • Pen: \[ \text{Speed} = \frac{100 \text{ cm}}{1.8 \text{ s}} \approx 55.56 \text{ cm/s} \]

Conclusion:

The object with the fastest average speed is the Pen, with an average speed of approximately 55.56 cm/s. Therefore, the answer is:

the Pen