According to Aristotle, when the poor become the most populous class, it can lead to significant social and political instability. In his works, particularly in "Politics," Aristotle discusses the idea that a large population of poor individuals can result in increased class conflict and tension with the wealthier classes. He posits that if the poor are a majority, they may seek to achieve their interests through democratic means, which can potentially disrupt the existing social order.
Aristotle warns that this could lead to the rise of radical democracy or even tyranny, as the poor could use their numerical strength to impose their will on society, disregarding the interests of the wealthy. He emphasizes the importance of a balanced political system where both the rich and the poor have a role, as this can help create stability and prevent conflicts that arise from class divisions. Ultimately, Aristotle believes that a well-structured polity, where different classes are represented and have a stake in governance, can mitigate the risks associated with a large poor population.