The Aztec civilization, also known as the Mexica, flourished in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th century, reaching its peak in the early 1500s. The Aztecs created a powerful empire characterized by its complex social structure, advanced agricultural practices, and rich cultural traditions.
The civilization is best known for its capital city, Tenochtitlan, located on an island in Lake Texcoco, which featured impressive architecture, extensive canals, and a bustling marketplace. The Aztecs were skilled farmers, employing techniques such as chinampas—floating gardens—to maximize agricultural output.
Religion played a central role in Aztec life, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses, rituals, and human sacrifices aimed at appeasing these deities. The Aztecs viewed life as a struggle between the forces of order and chaos, and their practices reflected a desire to maintain cosmic balance.
The society was hierarchically structured, with a ruling class of nobles, priests, and warriors at the top, followed by commoners and enslaved individuals. The Aztecs engaged in extensive trade and tribute systems, consolidating power over neighboring city-states through both military conquest and alliances.
The civilization came to an abrupt end following the Spanish conquest in 1521, led by Hernán Cortés, which coupled with disease outbreaks brought by Europeans, decimated the population and dismantled Aztec society. Despite this, the Aztec legacy endures today, particularly in Mexican culture, language, and customs.