Question
and the list the valence based on the Lewis diagram. Then find the sum of these numbers. Element Symbol # of valence electrons Valence Sum Fluorine F Hydrogen H Oxygen O Nitrogen N Chlorine Cl Carbon C 6. Make a rule: If you knew the number of valence electrons in a nonmetal atom, how would you determine the valence of the element? (Hint: Ignore hydrogen for now.)
Answers
GPT-4o mini
To determine the valence electrons for the elements listed in the Lewis diagrams and sum them, let's first outline the number of valence electrons for each element:
1. **Fluorine (F)**: 7 valence electrons
2. **Hydrogen (H)**: 1 valence electron
3. **Oxygen (O)**: 6 valence electrons
4. **Nitrogen (N)**: 5 valence electrons
5. **Chlorine (Cl)**: 7 valence electrons
6. **Carbon (C)**: 4 valence electrons
Now let's summarize this information in a table format:
| Element | Symbol | # of Valence Electrons |
|----------|--------|------------------------|
| Fluorine | F | 7 |
| Hydrogen | H | 1 |
| Oxygen | O | 6 |
| Nitrogen | N | 5 |
| Chlorine | Cl | 7 |
| Carbon | C | 4 |
Now, we find the sum of the valence electrons for all of these elements:
- Fluorine: 7
- Hydrogen: 1
- Oxygen: 6
- Nitrogen: 5
- Chlorine: 7
- Carbon: 4
**Total Valence Electrons:**
\( 7 + 1 + 6 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 30 \)
**Valence Sum: 30**
### General Rule for Determining the Valence of Nonmetals
For nonmetal atoms (ignoring hydrogen for this context), you can determine the valence based on the number of valence electrons they have. The rule can be summarized as follows:
- The **valence** of a nonmetal atom can typically be found by subtracting 8 from the number of valence electrons it has. For example:
- If an element has 6 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 6 = 2 \).
- If an element has 5 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 5 = 3 \).
- If an element has 4 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 4 = 4 \).
- If an element has 7 valence electrons, its valence would typically be 1 (since it needs 1 more to achieve a full outer shell).
This approach reflects the tendency of nonmetals to gain or share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, typically following the octet rule.
1. **Fluorine (F)**: 7 valence electrons
2. **Hydrogen (H)**: 1 valence electron
3. **Oxygen (O)**: 6 valence electrons
4. **Nitrogen (N)**: 5 valence electrons
5. **Chlorine (Cl)**: 7 valence electrons
6. **Carbon (C)**: 4 valence electrons
Now let's summarize this information in a table format:
| Element | Symbol | # of Valence Electrons |
|----------|--------|------------------------|
| Fluorine | F | 7 |
| Hydrogen | H | 1 |
| Oxygen | O | 6 |
| Nitrogen | N | 5 |
| Chlorine | Cl | 7 |
| Carbon | C | 4 |
Now, we find the sum of the valence electrons for all of these elements:
- Fluorine: 7
- Hydrogen: 1
- Oxygen: 6
- Nitrogen: 5
- Chlorine: 7
- Carbon: 4
**Total Valence Electrons:**
\( 7 + 1 + 6 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 30 \)
**Valence Sum: 30**
### General Rule for Determining the Valence of Nonmetals
For nonmetal atoms (ignoring hydrogen for this context), you can determine the valence based on the number of valence electrons they have. The rule can be summarized as follows:
- The **valence** of a nonmetal atom can typically be found by subtracting 8 from the number of valence electrons it has. For example:
- If an element has 6 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 6 = 2 \).
- If an element has 5 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 5 = 3 \).
- If an element has 4 valence electrons, its valence is \( 8 - 4 = 4 \).
- If an element has 7 valence electrons, its valence would typically be 1 (since it needs 1 more to achieve a full outer shell).
This approach reflects the tendency of nonmetals to gain or share electrons to achieve a full outer electron shell, typically following the octet rule.