All the responses you provided offer some level of evidence, but the strongest evidence that the 15 species of finch evolved from a common ancestor is:
DNA analysis shows that their DNA is almost identical with only minor changes.
This genetic evidence provides a clear indication of how closely related these species are, supporting the idea of common descent. The other responses mention physical similarities, historical observations, and geographical factors, which can also contribute to the understanding of evolution, but DNA analysis offers the most direct evidence of evolutionary relationships.