Which competition is direct and INTERspecific?(1 point)

Question

Responses

peacocks attracting a mate
peacocks attracting a mate

a hyena and cheetah fighting over a carcass
a hyena and cheetah fighting over a carcass

birch tree seedlings competing for sunlight
birch tree seedlings competing for sunlight

a fern and maple tree seedling competing for sunlight
a fern and maple tree seedling competing for sunlight
Question 2
Suppose the mosquito population in an area increases. Which organism may also experience a population increase?(1 point)
Responses

bats
bats

deer
deer

squirrels
squirrels

rabbits
rabbits
Question 3
A mutation is any _____.(1 point)
Responses

change in the DNA sequence that leads to a disadvantageous outcome.
change in the DNA sequence that leads to a disadvantageous outcome.

change in the amino acid sequence.
change in the amino acid sequence.

change in the DNA sequence that leads to an advantageous outcome.
change in the DNA sequence that leads to an advantageous outcome.

change in the DNA sequence.
change in the DNA sequence.
Question 4
Why is genetic variation among individuals beneficial?(1 point)
Responses

Genetic variation leads to more new traits in the population which means evolution can occur faster.
Genetic variation leads to more new traits in the population which means evolution can occur faster.

More genetic variation means higher rate of survival versus species that have less genetic variation.
More genetic variation means higher rate of survival versus species that have less genetic variation.

Some individuals will have inherited traits that give them a competitive advantage that make them more likely to survive and reproduce.
Some individuals will have inherited traits that give them a competitive advantage that make them more likely to survive and reproduce.

Genetic variation staves off extinction because it creates a fit population.
Genetic variation staves off extinction because it creates a fit population.
Question 5
Darwin’s finches have different beaks in terms of size and shape to be able to eat different food sources like insects, nectar, and seeds. Cactus finches have longer, more pointed beaks to probe cactus flowers compared to their relatives, the ground finches. If a plant disease killed a large portion of the cacti on the Galapagos islands, what would the future populations of finches look like in terms of beak size and shape? Use your knowledge of natural selection to determine which option is most likely.(2 points)
Responses

Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit resource partitioning, so the beaks of future generations would not change.
Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit resource partitioning, so the beaks of future generations would not change.

Ground finches would survive and pass on their shorter and wider beaks, so there would be a higher proportion of finches in future generations that have short and wide beaks.
Ground finches would survive and pass on their shorter and wider beaks, so there would be a higher proportion of finches in future generations that have short and wide beaks.

Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit competitive exclusion, so the beaks of future generations would be similar to whichever finch outcompetes the other.
Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit competitive exclusion, so the beaks of future generations would be similar to whichever finch outcompetes the other.

Ground finches would survive and pass on their beaks, but they would mate with the remaining cactus finches, creating a new hybrid that is somewhere between short versus long and narrow versus wide.
Ground finches would survive and pass on their beaks, but they would mate with the remaining cactus finches, creating a new hybrid that is somewhere between short versus long and narrow versus wide.
Question 6
What is the term used to describe having a trait that can be passed on to subsequent generations that increases the organism’s ability to survive in its environment and reproduce?(1 point)
Responses

natural selection
natural selection

fitness
fitness

genetic variation
genetic variation

adaptation
adaptation
Question 7
What is the term used for genetic mutations that may result in neutral or even negative outcomes?(1 point)
Responses

genetic drift
genetic drift

natural selection
natural selection

artificial selection
artificial selection

genetic modification
genetic modification
Question 8
How are genetic modification and artificial selection similar?(2 points)
Responses

Both result from natural selection.
Both result from natural selection.

Both involve hybridization.
Both involve hybridization.

Both result from human influences.
Both result from human influences.

Both involve crossbreeding.
Both involve crossbreeding.
Question 9
The “great dying,” which saw 96% of all species extinct, was partially caused by(2 points)
Responses

lower levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
lower levels of carbon dioxide in the air.

an asteroid impact.
an asteroid impact.

algae consuming too much oxygen from the ocean.
algae consuming too much oxygen from the ocean.

bacteria producing large amounts of toxic methane.
bacteria producing large amounts of toxic methane.
Question 10
Which situation is an example of altruistic behavior?(1 point)
Responses

A child steals an apple.
A child steals an apple.

A child shares an apple.
A child shares an apple.

A child eats an apple.
A child eats an apple.

A child throws away an apple.
A child throws away an apple.
Question 11
If an organism is well adapted to its environment and a rapid major change occurs to the environment, what is most likely going to happen to the organism?(1 point)
Responses

The organism will not be able to adapt, and the species will evolve into a new species.
The organism will not be able to adapt, and the species will evolve into a new species.

The organism will adapt, and the species will evolve into a new species.
The organism will adapt, and the species will evolve into a new species.

The organism will adapt, and the species will evolve to fit its new environment.
The organism will adapt, and the species will evolve to fit its new environment.

The organism will not be able to adapt, and the species will go extinct.
The organism will not be able to adapt, and the species will go extinct.
Question 12
Why do birds have different lengths and shapes of beaks, even within the same species?(3 points)
Responses

They have adapted different shape and size beaks depending on the available shelters in their environment.
They have adapted different shape and size beaks depending on the available shelters in their environment.

Their beaks are shorter or longer based on their DNA and have nothing to do with their environment.
Their beaks are shorter or longer based on their DNA and have nothing to do with their environment.

Their beaks are shorter or longer based on their environment and have nothing to do with it's DNA.
Their beaks are shorter or longer based on their environment and have nothing to do with it's DNA.

They have adapted different shape and size beaks depending on the available food sources they need to eat.
They have adapted different shape and size beaks depending on the available food sources they need to eat.
Question 13
Over time, if a trait consistently makes an animal/plant LESS fit to survive it's environment, what will happen?(3 points)
Responses

Those individuals that have that trait will not survive and not reproduce. Gradually that trait will become less frequent in the population until it eventually gets removed.
Those individuals that have that trait will not survive and not reproduce. Gradually that trait will become less frequent in the population until it eventually gets removed.

Some individuals with the trait will survive and others will not. The trait will remain as long as some individuals survive with it.
Some individuals with the trait will survive and others will not. The trait will remain as long as some individuals survive with it.

The trait will slowly mutate into a trait that is advantageous for the organism.
The trait will slowly mutate into a trait that is advantageous for the organism.

The species will have to migrate to another environment where that trait may increase it's fitness.
The species will have to migrate to another environment where that trait may increase it's fitness.
Question 14
Which is one way NOT to mitigate climate change?(2 points)
Responses

plant more trees
plant more trees

reduce carbon output
reduce carbon output

use green energy
use green energy

drive large gasoline vehicles
drive large gasoline vehicles
Question 15
In honey bee colonies, the queen produces sterile offspring that protect the nest and forage for food. Which is a correct explanation of how this came about?(2 points)
Responses

it's an altruistic behavior that came about through natural selection.
it's an altruistic behavior that came about through natural selection.

it's a parasitic relationship that came about through natural selection.
it's a parasitic relationship that came about through natural selection.

it's an altruistic behavior that came about through artificial selection.
it's an altruistic behavior that came about through artificial selection.

it's a parasitic relationship that came about through artificial selection.
it's a parasitic relationship that came about through artificial selection.
Question 16
Which is NOT one of the potential outcomes when a species reaches it's maximum tolerance limit where it is no longer suited to live in it's environment?(3 points)
Responses

The species evolves into a new species (speciation occurs)
The species evolves into a new species (speciation occurs)

The species evolves into a previous version of itself on it's evolutionary tree.
The species evolves into a previous version of itself on it's evolutionary tree.

Individuals do not have adaptations so they are forced to move and find a suitable environment elsewhere.
Individuals do not have adaptations so they are forced to move and find a suitable environment elsewhere.

Individuals have adaptations that allow the species to evolve over time and become suited to their new environment
Individuals have adaptations that allow the species to evolve over time and become suited to their new environment

Individuals do not have adaptations, so the species goes extinct

Answer 1

Here are the answers to your questions:

Question 1: Which competition is direct and INTERspecific?

• Response: a fern and maple tree seedling competing for sunlight

Question 2: Suppose the mosquito population in an area increases. Which organism may also experience a population increase?

• Response: bats

Question 3: A mutation is any _____.

• Response: change in the DNA sequence.

Question 4: Why is genetic variation among individuals beneficial?

• Response: Some individuals will have inherited traits that give them a competitive advantage that make them more likely to survive and reproduce.

Question 5: If a plant disease killed a large portion of the cacti on the Galapagos islands, what would the future populations of finches look like in terms of beak size and shape?

• Response: Cactus finches would compete for food with ground finches and exhibit competitive exclusion, so the beaks of future generations would be similar to whichever finch outcompetes the other.

Question 6: What is the term used to describe having a trait that can be passed on to subsequent generations that increases the organism’s ability to survive in its environment and reproduce?

• Response: adaptation

Question 7: What is the term used for genetic mutations that may result in neutral or even negative outcomes?

• Response: genetic drift

Question 8: How are genetic modification and artificial selection similar?

• Response: Both result from human influences.

Question 9: The “great dying,” which saw 96% of all species extinct, was partially caused by

• Response: an asteroid impact.

Question 10: Which situation is an example of altruistic behavior?

• Response: A child shares an apple.

Question 11: If an organism is well adapted to its environment and a rapid major change occurs to the environment, what is most likely going to happen to the organism?

• Response: The organism will not be able to adapt, and the species will go extinct.

Question 12: Why do birds have different lengths and shapes of beaks, even within the same species?

• Response: They have adapted different shape and size beaks depending on the available food sources they need to eat.

Question 13: Over time, if a trait consistently makes an animal/plant LESS fit to survive its environment, what will happen?

• Response: Those individuals that have that trait will not survive and not reproduce. Gradually that trait will become less frequent in the population until it eventually gets removed.

Question 14: Which is one way NOT to mitigate climate change?

• Response: drive large gasoline vehicles.

Question 15: In honey bee colonies, the queen produces sterile offspring that protect the nest and forage for food. Which is a correct explanation of how this came about?

• Response: it's an altruistic behavior that came about through natural selection.

Question 16: Which is NOT one of the potential outcomes when a species reaches its maximum tolerance limit where it is no longer suited to live in its environment?

• Response: The species evolves into a previous version of itself on its evolutionary tree.

These responses are based on principles of ecology, evolution, and natural selection. Let me know if you need further explanations or have additional questions!