Which of the following study designs can determine a cause-and-effect relationship?(1 point)

Responses

an experimental study
an experimental study

a survey
a survey

randomizational study
randomizational study

an observational study
an observational study

1 answer

The study design that can determine a cause-and-effect relationship is an experimental study. Experimental studies often involve manipulation of an independent variable and random assignment to different groups, which helps to establish causality.

Surveys, observational studies, and randomization on their own do not inherently establish cause-and-effect relationships without the controlled conditions that experimental studies provide.