The Romantic concerto, particularly in the 19th century, marked a significant evolution from earlier classical concertos in several ways:
-
Length and Complexity: Romantic concertos tended to be longer and more complex than their classical predecessors. Composers expanded forms and structures, allowing for deeper emotional expression and exploration within the music.
-
Emphasis on Emotion: While classical concertos (like those by Mozart or Haydn) often maintained a more structured and balanced approach, Romantic concertos placed greater emphasis on individual expression and emotional depth. Composers sought to convey a wide range of feelings and ideas, often reflecting personal or nationalistic themes.
-
Role of the Orchestra: In Romantic concertos, the orchestral writing became more elaborate. The orchestra was not merely an accompaniment to the soloist but played a more integral role in the musical dialogue. The relationship between the soloist and the orchestra became more dynamic and contrasting.
-
Improvisation and Virtuosity: Romantic concertos featured greater opportunities for improvisation and showcased the virtuosity of the soloist. Composers like Franz Liszt and Johannes Brahms often wrote passages that allowed soloists to demonstrate their technical prowess and interpretive skills.
These characteristics combined to create a concert form that was richer, more personal, and more dramatic compared to earlier periods, allowing composers and performers greater freedom to explore and express their artistry.