Umbuzo:

Question

Kuvamile ukuthi abantu abakhuluma isiZulu noma ulimi olulodwa balukhulume ngezindlela ezingafani. Bhala i-eseyi uchaze ngokwahlukahlukana kolimi okungaphakathi (internal variation). Empendulweni yakho, chaza izinto ezibangela lokhu kwahlukahlukana. [50]

Isingeniso (1 Paragraph/6-8 lines): [10 Marks]
(i) Bhala isendlalelo/isethulo uchaze ngokwahlukahlukana kolimi ngaphakathi (2-3 lines).
(ii) Chaza inhloso ye-iseyi yakho.
(iii) Chaza ukuthi i-eseyi yakho uzoyihlela njani (outline of points).

Umzimba (8-12 Paragraphs): [60 Marks]
(i) Chaza izinhlobo zokwahlukahlukana nezinto ezibangela ukwahlukahlukana kolimi ngaphakathi
(ii) Nikeza izibonelo
(iii) Khombisa ukuthi ulwenzile ucwaningo ngokusebenzisa imibono yongcweti oyicaphune kokufundile.

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Answer 1

Isingeniso

Kukhona izinto eziningi ezibangela ukuthi abantu bakhulume isiZulu ngezindlela ezingafani, lapho sibona khona ukwahlukahlukana kolimi okungaphakathi (internal variation). Lokhu kukhombisa ithuba lokuhlola ukuthi kanjani izimo, izindawo, nemicabango ihlukumeza uhlelo lwezokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Inhloso ye-eseyi le, ukuqonda nokuhlaziya lezi zindlela ezahlukene zokuqothoza isiZulu, ukwazisa ngezizathu ezihambisana nalokhu, futhi nokuhlonza izibonelo ezithile ezichaza lokhu kwahlukahlukana. I-eseyi izohlelwa ngokuchaza izinhlobo zokwahlukahlukana kolimi, izizathu ezibangela lokhu, nokuhlanganisa izibonelo ezivela ezicwaningweni ezahlukene.

Umzimba

(i) Izinhlobo zokwahlukahlukana kolimi:
Ukwahlukaniswa kolimi kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa:

1. Uhlanga (Dialectal Variation): Lokhu kube khona kumazinga ahlukahlukene eZulwini, njengokukhuluma kweSwati, isiXhosa, nezinye izilimi eziphumayo. Isibonelo, abantu basemaphandleni bangase bakhulume isiZulu ngobuhlungu obungeqondile, ngezaga nezinganekwane, uma kuqhathaniswa nabakholwa emadolobheni.

2. Uhlanga lwezokuxhumana (Sociolectal Variation): Lokhu kuveza ukwahlukahlukana okukhona phakathi kwezinhlanga zezenhlalo ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, umphakathi wezemidlalo ungase usebenzise amagama ahluke kancane uma kuqhathaniswa nabantu abavela enyuvesi.

3. Uhlanga lokusebenza (Registers): Ukuhlukaniswa okukhonzile emshweni, okubandakanya izimo ezithile zokukhuluma, njenge-formal versus informal language. Lokhu kucacile lapho ababhali bejwayela ukusebenzisa amagama ahlukeneyo uma bebhalela izikhangiso, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangaphakathi komphakathi.

(ii) Izinto ezibangela ukuhweba kolimi:
Ukuba neziqu ngaphakathi kolimi lwesiZulu kudalwa kakhulu izimo zokuhlala, izifundo, izinkanyezi zamasiko, nemvelaphi yesizwe. Isibonelo, ubuhlakani bamasiko namaqembu amadala abedlule ekuphileni kwabo busiza kakhulu ekuvezweni kokuhlukahlukana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda kwezizinda ezahlukene nezindleko zokufunda kuphinde kudale ukwahlukahlukana. Ucwaningo lwethu luveza ukuthi abantu abanezikhumbuzo ezahlukene lapho besebenzisa isiZulu, futhi lokho kubonisa kakhulu umehluko wemvelo yabo.

(iii) Izibonelo:
Isibonelo esiyinhloko se-dialectal variation, imishwana ebizwa ngamagama ahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene, njengo "ubhikosi" (umva) esifundazweni esithile, kanti "iphikseli" (haba/kusele) kubantu abakhuluma ispelling ethile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sociolinguistic studies zikhombisa ukuthi ezikoleni eziphezulu, izikhumba zefoni (slang) iye yathuthuka, ibonisa ukubalulekile kokuxhumana ubuchwepheshe.

(iv) Ucwaningo lwesazi:
Ngokwe-Uhlig et al. (2021), ukhuluma ngokuqwashisa kokuqonda izandiso ezihluke ngezinkanja, ezisekelweni zemithetho ye-phonetic. Kulesi sikhathi, umsebenzisi ungaba nomthelela ekwakheni izimo ezijule kakhudlwana. Lokhu kubonisa ukugcina umbono ohlanganisa ukuhweba kwalolu limi.

Uphenyo/Okokugcina

Ukuhlola ukwahlukahlukana kolimi lwesiZulu kudinga ukusizakala amathuba ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimo, izinkanyezi nezizinda ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwezindlela zokwahlukahlukana kuzokuqondisa engqondweni ukuba abakhuluma isiZulu baqonde futhi bazwisise ukuhlukahlukana okukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibonelo ezithile nezincazelo ezivela ohlakeni lwesiZulu zikhombisa impumelelo yokucwaninga, futhi kuyatfokofela ukubheka imvelaphi yethu nokuqhubekisela phambili isiZulu.

Izinsiza Eziqukethwe:

Uhlig, H., Nhlapo, M., & Nkosi, L. (2021). Linguistic Variation in the Contemporary Zulu Context: A Sociolinguistic Study. Durban: University of KwaZulu-Natal Press.

(Phumelela, A. K. (2019). Language Diversification: The Dynamics of Zulu Variants. Pretoria: University of South Africa.)