Isihloko: Ukuhlukahluka Kolimi Olukhulunywa Ngabantu Abakhuluma IsiZulu
Isingeniso
Ulimi lungumqondo obanzi, futhi kusebenza njengezinga lokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu. Kulokhu, isiZulu siyisibonelo esiyingqayizivele solimi olunezindlela eziningi zokukhuluma ezihlukahlukene. Lolu hlobo lokuhlukahluka, okwaziwa ngokuthi 'ukwahlukahlukana kolimi okungaphakathi' (internal variation), luveza ukuthi kungani abantu abakhuluma isiZulu behlukeneyo, nokuthi yini edala lezi zindlela ezahlukene zokukhuluma.
Izinhlobo Zokwahlukahlukana Kolimi
Ukukhuluma isiZulu kungahluka ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa amagxolo, izindawo (dialects), nezizinda (sociolects). Kukho izigaba ezahlukene zokukhuluma isiZulu ezivela ezindaweni ezihlukene, njenge-isiZulu saseNatal, esibizwa ngokuthi isiBhaca, noma isiZulu seseNsinga. Lokhu kusebenza njengomfanekiso wesimo sezindawo, lapho amaqembu abantu athile enza izinguquko ezithile kumagama, amagama nezisho ukuze ababemukeleke kalula. Izizinda zomphakathi nazo ziyahluka; abantu abavela ezindaweni eziphezulu zomphakathi bazoba nezindlela ezithile zokukhuluma nezisizinda ezihlukile kunezabantu abavela ezindaweni eziphansi.
Izinto Ezingabangenisi Ukuhlukahlukana Kolimi
Okokuqala, izizinda zomphakathi zidlala indima enkulu. Ubulili, ubudala, nomthamo wempilo kufanele kubhekwane nobuhlanga ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi abantu abakha uhlobo luni lwezindlela zokukhuluma. Abantu abasha bangase bakhule ngaphansi komthelela wezindawo ezinjenge-inthanethi, okuholela ekutheni bagcine bekhuluma kahle amakhono afana nesiNgisi, okuyiwona owaziwa njengolimi olunothando lwamakhono okubhelwa kwabezindaba. Okwesibili, izindawo ezahlukahlukene zenza kube neziqu ezihlukene kumagama, njengokufanekisa phakathi kwamasiko, okuyinto eyahlukahlukene, okumunca kusuka emakhaya amadala kuye emiphakathini emisha. Lokhu kuholela ekutheni amagama athile abe nezincazelo ezithile ezifanele izindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Izibonelo Zokuhlukahlukana Kolimi
Kumazinga azimele, ukubona ukukhuluma kwamaZulu kwamasiko ahlukene, singathi 'ukuya' noma 'ukuhamba' eNingizimu Afrika kungase kufane ne "ukuhamba" ne "ukuthokozisa" eMpumalanga. Isisebenzi sokuhamba sisingathwa ngamaqembu amancane nezithombe eziphezulu, kanti abanye abantu bazowathokozisa emkhakheni wezenzakalweni. Lokhu kuholela kubantu ukuba bahlale bezinhloso ezahlukene zokusebenzisa isiZulu.
Ucwaningo Ngokwenza Ucwaningo Olusemthethweni
Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezimvu zamasiko eNingizimu Afrika, kubalulekile ukufaka izifundo zamasiko kucwaningo lwakamuva, olukhomba ukuthi ubuhlanga nabazebenzi bahlala sebekhuluma isiZulu ngaphandle kokushiya izindleko zemihlangano. I-UNESCO ibonisa ukuthi izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokukhuluma zingashintsha ngesilinganiso sezilimi isikhathi, lapho abantu bekhuluma isiZulu nabanye abakhuluma esimalini. Lokhu kuthinta isiko lethu nendlela esijabula ngayo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukwenziwa kwezinguquko kumazinga eSISTEMU yokukhuluma, uchungechunge lweziqondiso, kanye nezifundo zesoftware yezezifundo nazo zivezwa ezivivanini ukwenza kusebenze ulwazi lwabantu.
Ukwakhiwa Kwezimpendulo Nokuqhubeka
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukukholwa ukuthi isiZulu siqala ukuvuma abantu abavela ezindaweni ezahlukene, okudala ukuncintisana kokuqala kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zomsebenzi. Umphakathi ungase uvumelane ekutheni isiZulu silo lwenhliziyo, kodwa akekho okwaziyo ukujolisa kuxolisana. Kubalulekile ukuthi sihloniphe izifundo ezitholakala ngokuhlukahluka kolimi olukhuluma isiZulu, okukhombisa ukuthi akukhona kuphela utshalo oluqondakalayo nolimi oseluhweba ngayo.
Isiphetho
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlukahluka kolimi okungaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kuveza ubuhlobo phakathi kwezizinda zomphakathi, izindawo, kanye nezizinda ezizayo. Ulimi luhamba phambili nonezinto eziningi ezibatkanisa izizinda, ubuhlanga, neziqu, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isiZulu sihlelekile kodwa kubalulekile ukuba qaphela ukuthi iyipi besifanele. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi sihloniphe izindlela ezihlukene zokukhuluma isiZulu, Siqokelela indlela ezahlukene zezemvelo nezenhlalo koshintsha okuwudinga abanye abantu kuwo.
Umthombo:
- Wardhaugh, Ronald. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. (2010)
- Mesthrie, Rajend. Language in South Africa. (2010)
- Deumert, Ana & Masinyana, Mazinyo. "Dialect Variation in South Africa: The Case of isiZulu." (2011)