Question

paraphase like a student will,The poverty and feeding schemes have influence the education system of the SA and other countries. The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented social and economic ‘lockdowns’ covering as much as two-thirds of the world’s population. In both richer and poorer countries, millions of people were rendered destitute by job losses and the collapse of informal livelihoods. International organizations called for bold actions to address the challenge of deepening poverty. National governments announced diverse measures (see Gentilini et al., 2020). South Africa imposed a severe lockdown in late March 2020, deepening an existing, pre-Covid crisis of unemployment, poverty and hunger. Feeding schemes are an integral part of global, national and local responses to hunger and food insecurity, whether these are the result of war and dislocation, natural disasters, pandemics, economic recessions or chronic poverty. At the international level, famine relief was driven first by famines due to war and later to famines resulting from natural disasters. Later still, international organizations threw their weight behind chronic feeding programs, especially for schoolchildren. The British-based charity Oxfam was established (as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief) in 1942, to get food supplies to Greece. Between 1943 and 1947 the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration provided massive quantities of food across much of Europe. The World Food Programme (WFP) was established in the early 1960s to procure maize, rice and other basic foods and deliver them to populations experiencing crises. Humanitarian feeding operations in the Horn of Africa attracted global attention in the 1980s and since (de Waal, 1997). National governments have also been heavily involved in emergency food supplies. In India under British rule, ‘Famine Codes’ set out what imperial officials should do both in anticipation of and in response to famine (McAlpin, 1987). Colonial governments across Africa were generally less interventionist (as Vaughan [1987] and Mandala [2005] show for the case of late colonial Malawi) but, following independence, many governments have been much more responsive. In Botswana, state-run drought relief played a major role in the construction of a modern state (Seekings, 2016a, 2016b). The combination of international and national action means that natural disasters now rarely lead to starvation and almost never do so in democracies (de Waal, 2000; Burchi, 2011).

Answer 1

Poverty and feeding programs have had a significant impact on the education systems in South Africa and other countries. The Covid-19 pandemic led to unprecedented social and economic ‘lockdowns’ that affected up to two-thirds of the global population. Many people, both in wealthier and poorer nations, lost their jobs and faced dire financial situations. In response, international organizations urged for bold measures to tackle the rising levels of poverty. As a result, national governments implemented various strategies (see Gentilini et al., 2020). South Africa, for instance, instituted a strict lockdown in late March 2020, worsening an already existing crisis of unemployment, poverty, and hunger that predated the pandemic. Feeding schemes have become a crucial aspect of global, national, and local efforts to combat hunger and food insecurity, whether caused by war, natural disasters, pandemics, economic downturns, or ongoing poverty. Initially, international famine relief efforts focused on issues stemming from war, but over time, they shifted to address famines caused by natural disasters as well. Eventually, international organizations began supporting long-term feeding initiatives, particularly for schoolchildren. For example, the charity Oxfam was founded in 1942 to provide food relief in Greece. Between 1943 and 1947, the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration distributed large amounts of food throughout Europe. The World Food Programme (WFP) was set up in the early 1960s to procure staple foods like maize and rice and deliver them to communities in crisis. Humanitarian feeding efforts in the Horn of Africa gained global recognition in the 1980s and beyond (de Waal, 1997). National governments have also played a key role in emergency food supply initiatives. During British rule in India, ‘Famine Codes’ outlined how officials should prepare for and respond to famines (McAlpin, 1987). While colonial governments in Africa were typically less proactive (as shown in late colonial Malawi by Vaughan [1987] and Mandala [2005]), many African governments became more responsive after gaining independence. For example, in Botswana, government-led drought relief significantly contributed to building a modern state (Seekings, 2016a, 2016b). The combined efforts of international and national actions have ensured that natural disasters rarely result in starvation today, especially in democracies (de Waal, 2000; Burchi, 2011).