For your first question regarding the meaning of "militant" in paragraph 13, the closest meaning is:
d | adjective | vigorously active and aggressive, especially to support a cause.
This interpretation aligns with the context of the paragraph, which emphasizes the need for active and persistent solidarity in supporting the human rights of others.
For your second question regarding what the passage (paragraph 2) mainly shows, the most accurate answer is:
b | many indigenous cultures contain diverse perspectives that can contribute to solutions to the world’s problems.
This reflects the idea presented in the passage that indigenous peoples have valuable experience and knowledge that can be beneficial in addressing the issues faced globally.