The research goals of scientists in Antarctica typically focus on understanding the environment, ecosystems, and climate, rather than commercial or tourism development. Based on this context, the following responses would be considered valid research goals:
- Defining the global impact of Antarctica’s atmosphere.
- Understanding how life in Antarctica developed.
- Learning about Antarctica’s history.
- Learning how to reduce the negative human effects on Antarctica.
The other options related to building tourism infrastructure, discovering new fossil fuels for commercial use, and establishing permanent human settlements do not align with the primary scientific research goals typically pursued in Antarctica.