1. As a consequence of children’s nearly ubiquitous smartphone use, many parents experience resignation or frustration due to a perceived loss of control over their child’s excessive smartphone activities. This perceived lack of control may not only increase children’s risk of exposure to online harassment but also affect the relationship between parents and children—both crucial influence factors for children’s self-esteem.

Question

2. Findings revealed that parental lack of control over their child’s smartphone use increased the risk of children becoming victims of online harassment and decreased children’s perceived parental support over time.
3. The near-constant use of digital technology among children and adolescents has made parental control increasingly difficult. Around 55% of parents in the United States perceive not to have sufficient control over their child’s online conduct (Anderson, 2018).
4. Many parents express resignation or frustration due to a perceived loss of control over their children’s excessive smartphone activities (Erickson et al., 2015).
5. A recent survey shows that exposure to online harassment is highly prevalent, with 59% of US teens reporting experiences with online harassment, such as having false rumors spread about them or being called offensive names (Anderson, 2018).
6. The literature on parental self-efficacy (e.g. Bogenschneider et al., 1997) suggests that parents’ perceived lack of control may also directly affect parents’ responsiveness to their children’s needs, resulting in decreased parental support as reported by the children.
7. Concerning children’s media use, scholars have differentiated between specific parental mediation styles such as active mediation, defined by active parent–child discussions about media use, or restrictive mediation, characterized by parents’ rule-setting or limitation of children’s media use, including technical regulations (Livingstone and Helsper, 2008).
8. Extrapolated to the context of children’s smartphone use, parental self-efficacy can thus be understood as parents’ task-specific confidence in their skills and abilities to control their children’s frequency, intensity, and content of smartphone use.
9. Low parental self-efficacy regarding children’s smartphone use is the subjective impression of not having sufficient control, which we refer to as parents’ perceived lack of control over their children’s smartphone use. 
10. As smartphones allow constant access to social networking sites (SNSs) and other online spaces marked by interpersonal communication, considering the influence of parents’ lack of control on children’s exposure to online harassment is crucial. Rephrase and summarize each paragraph into a simple terms and avoid the intext citation

Answer 1

1. Many parents feel frustrated or resigned about their children's smartphone use, believing they have lost control. This feeling can lead to kids facing more online harassment and can strain the parent-child relationship, both of which are important for kids' self-esteem.

2. Research indicates that when parents feel they lack control over their child's smartphone usage, it increases the chances of the child being bullied online and reduces the child's perception of parental support over time.

3. The frequent digital device use among kids makes it hard for parents to manage their online behavior. About 55% of parents in the U.S. don’t feel they have enough control over their children's online activities.

4. Many parents feel frustrated or resigned because they think they have lost control of how much time their children spend on smartphones.

5. A recent survey found that a large number of U.S. teenagers—59%—report experiencing online harassment, such as having false rumors spread about them or being insulted online.

6. Research suggests that when parents feel they lack control, it can negatively affect how responsive they are to their children’s needs, leading to lower levels of perceived support from the parents.

7. Scholars have identified different ways parents can manage their children's media use, such as actively discussing media content with them or setting strict rules and limits on their media use.

8. In relation to smartphone use, parental self-efficacy can be seen as how confident parents feel in their ability to control how much and how often their children use their smartphones.

9. Low parental self-efficacy means parents feel they lack control over their children’s smartphone use, leading to their perceived inability to manage it effectively.

10. Since smartphones provide easy access to social media and online communication, understanding how parents' feelings of lacking control can impact their children’s experience with online harassment is very important.