An oratorio is a large-scale musical composition for orchestra, choir, and soloists, typically based on a religious or sacred theme. It is similar to an opera in terms of structure and composition but is usually performed without staging, costumes, or acting. Traditionally, oratorios are composed in several movements, which may include arias, choruses, recitatives, and sometimes instrumental interludes.
The oratorio form became particularly popular in the late 17th and 18th centuries, with notable composers such as George Frideric Handel, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Joseph Haydn contributing significant works to the genre. Handel's "Messiah" is one of the most famous examples of an oratorio, often performed during the Christmas season. While oratorios can explore a variety of themes, they often convey profound spiritual messages, making them an important part of choral and religious music traditions.