Prolonged use of anabolic steroids can lead to a variety of serious health issues, affecting multiple body systems. Here are some of the potential prolonged effects:
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Cardiovascular Issues: Long-term steroid use can increase the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and changes in cholesterol levels (e.g., decreased HDL and increased LDL), which can lead to atherosclerosis.
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Liver Damage: Oral anabolic steroids, in particular, can be hepatotoxic, leading to conditions like liver damage, hepatitis, or liver tumors.
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Hormonal Imbalances: Steroids can disrupt the body's natural hormone production. In men, this can lead to testicular shrinkage, infertility, and gynecomastia. In women, it can cause a deepening of the voice, menstrual irregularities, and masculinization.
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Psychological Effects: Users may experience mood swings, aggression (often termed "roid rage"), anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues.
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Musculoskeletal Problems: While steroids can increase muscle mass, they can also lead to tendon injuries and other musculoskeletal issues due to disproportionate growth of muscles versus tendons.
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Skin Changes: Users may experience acne, oily skin, and male-pattern baldness (in both men and women).
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Immune System Suppression: Chronic use can suppress the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
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Increased Risk of Dependency: Long-term use can lead to psychological dependence or addiction, making it difficult for users to stop despite negative consequences.
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Kidney Damage: Some studies suggest that steroid use can lead to kidney damage or dysfunction.
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Effects on Growth in Adolescents: In adolescents, steroid use can prematurely close the growth plates, resulting in stunted growth.
It's important to note that the severity and likelihood of these effects can vary based on dosage, duration of use, individual physiology, and whether the steroids are used in conjunction with other substances. Anyone considering the use of anabolic steroids should consult with a healthcare professional and be aware of the potential risks involved.