Question
in social psychology, under chapter 4, provide examples of 4 patterns that influence choices
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GPT-4o mini
Chapter 4 of social psychology often dives into the patterns and factors that influence decision-making and choices. Here are four key patterns that can sway our choices:
1. **Social Influence:**
- **Example:** Peer Pressure - Individuals often conform to the attitudes or behaviors of their peers, even if those choices conflict with their own beliefs or preferences. For instance, a high school student may start smoking because their friends do, despite personal reservations about it.
2. **Cognitive Dissonance:**
- **Example:** Justifying Decisions - When individuals make a choice that conflicts with their beliefs or values, they experience cognitive dissonance, leading them to change their beliefs to align with their actions. For instance, someone who values health might justify eating fast food by saying they only do it occasionally or that they work out regularly.
3. **Anchoring Effect:**
- **Example:** Pricing Decisions - The initial price presented for a product can heavily influence subsequent judgments and decisions. If a car is initially listed at $30,000 and then discounted to $25,000, consumers might perceive it as a great deal, even if its real market value is lower than that.
4. **Framing Effect:**
- **Example:** Risky Choices - The way information is presented can influence decisions. For instance, when medical treatments are framed in terms of survival rates (e.g., "90% survival rate") versus mortality rates (e.g., "10% death rate"), people are more likely to choose the treatment when it’s described in terms of survival, even though both statements convey the same statistical information.
These patterns illustrate how social contexts and cognitive processes shape our decisions, often in ways we are not consciously aware of.
1. **Social Influence:**
- **Example:** Peer Pressure - Individuals often conform to the attitudes or behaviors of their peers, even if those choices conflict with their own beliefs or preferences. For instance, a high school student may start smoking because their friends do, despite personal reservations about it.
2. **Cognitive Dissonance:**
- **Example:** Justifying Decisions - When individuals make a choice that conflicts with their beliefs or values, they experience cognitive dissonance, leading them to change their beliefs to align with their actions. For instance, someone who values health might justify eating fast food by saying they only do it occasionally or that they work out regularly.
3. **Anchoring Effect:**
- **Example:** Pricing Decisions - The initial price presented for a product can heavily influence subsequent judgments and decisions. If a car is initially listed at $30,000 and then discounted to $25,000, consumers might perceive it as a great deal, even if its real market value is lower than that.
4. **Framing Effect:**
- **Example:** Risky Choices - The way information is presented can influence decisions. For instance, when medical treatments are framed in terms of survival rates (e.g., "90% survival rate") versus mortality rates (e.g., "10% death rate"), people are more likely to choose the treatment when it’s described in terms of survival, even though both statements convey the same statistical information.
These patterns illustrate how social contexts and cognitive processes shape our decisions, often in ways we are not consciously aware of.
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