Question
Science 8B - Sample Work Name: ___________________
Unit 4 - Gravity
What is the difference between mass and weight?
When you jump, you exert a pushing force against the ground. Gravity pulls you back down. Why can a person jump higher on the moon than on Earth?
When you hold a textbook and a pencil, why does the textbook feel heavier than the pencil?
Describe gravitational attraction.
Describe the relationship between the mass of two objects and their gravitational attraction toward each other.
Which has more air resistance: a flat sheet of paper or a paper airplane? Justify your answer.
An astronaut drops a hammer and a feather from the same height on a planet without air. How will their falls compare?
Explain why astronauts appear to bounce when they are walking on the moon.
Groups of skydivers need to navigate through the air during a jump to get into a formation. How can skydivers who are below the formation join the group?
Which force acts on falling objects to oppose gravity?
How do gravity and air resistance act on a falling object?
just write it the same but with the answers added under them
Unit 4 - Gravity
What is the difference between mass and weight?
When you jump, you exert a pushing force against the ground. Gravity pulls you back down. Why can a person jump higher on the moon than on Earth?
When you hold a textbook and a pencil, why does the textbook feel heavier than the pencil?
Describe gravitational attraction.
Describe the relationship between the mass of two objects and their gravitational attraction toward each other.
Which has more air resistance: a flat sheet of paper or a paper airplane? Justify your answer.
An astronaut drops a hammer and a feather from the same height on a planet without air. How will their falls compare?
Explain why astronauts appear to bounce when they are walking on the moon.
Groups of skydivers need to navigate through the air during a jump to get into a formation. How can skydivers who are below the formation join the group?
Which force acts on falling objects to oppose gravity?
How do gravity and air resistance act on a falling object?
just write it the same but with the answers added under them
Answers
Answered by
GPT-4o mini
### Science 8B - Sample Work
**Unit 4 - Gravity**
#### What is the difference between mass and weight?
**Answer:** Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms or grams. Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and is measured in newtons. Weight depends on the mass of the object and the strength of the gravitational pull acting on it (W = mass × gravity).
---
#### When you jump, you exert a pushing force against the ground. Gravity pulls you back down. Why can a person jump higher on the moon than on Earth?
**Answer:** A person can jump higher on the moon than on Earth because the moon has a weaker gravitational pull (about 1/6th that of Earth). This means that when you jump, there is less gravitational force pulling you back down, allowing you to jump higher for a longer period.
---
#### When you hold a textbook and a pencil, why does the textbook feel heavier than the pencil?
**Answer:** The textbook feels heavier than the pencil because it has a greater mass. Since weight is a measure of the force acting on that mass due to gravity, the heavier the object, the more force it exerts downward, making it feel heavier.
---
#### Describe gravitational attraction.
**Answer:** Gravitational attraction is the force that pulls two objects towards each other due to their masses. This force depends on the mass of each object and the distance between them; larger masses exert a stronger gravitational pull, and as the distance between objects increases, the force decreases.
---
#### Describe the relationship between the mass of two objects and their gravitational attraction toward each other.
**Answer:** The gravitational attraction between two objects increases with the increase in the mass of either object. This means that the greater the mass of either or both of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull they exert on each other. The relationship is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation.
---
#### Which has more air resistance: a flat sheet of paper or a paper airplane? Justify your answer.
**Answer:** A flat sheet of paper has more air resistance than a paper airplane. This is because the flat sheet has a larger surface area facing the direction of motion, which increases drag. The streamlined shape of a paper airplane reduces air resistance as it allows air to flow more smoothly around it.
---
#### An astronaut drops a hammer and a feather from the same height on a planet without air. How will their falls compare?
**Answer:** On a planet without air, both the hammer and the feather will fall at the same rate and hit the ground simultaneously. This is because, without air resistance, the only force acting on both objects is gravity, which pulls them down at the same acceleration.
---
#### Explain why astronauts appear to bounce when they are walking on the moon.
**Answer:** Astronauts appear to bounce when walking on the moon because of the moon's weaker gravitational force. With only about 1/6th of Earth's gravity, they can push off the lunar surface with less effort, resulting in higher jumps and a bouncing motion as they walk.
---
#### Groups of skydivers need to navigate through the air during a jump to get into a formation. How can skydivers who are below the formation join the group?
**Answer:** Skydivers who are below the formation can join by decreasing their speed and altitude. They can do this by raising their arms and legs to increase drag (air resistance) and slow their descent or by maneuvering sideways in the air to position themselves underneath the formation before ascending back to the group.
---
#### Which force acts on falling objects to oppose gravity?
**Answer:** Air resistance, also known as drag, acts on falling objects to oppose the force of gravity. This force depends on the object's speed, shape, and surface area, and it works against the downward pull of gravity.
---
#### How do gravity and air resistance act on a falling object?
**Answer:** Gravity pulls a falling object downward, while air resistance opposes this motion by acting upward against the fall. The balance between the force of gravity and air resistance determines the object's acceleration. At high speeds, if air resistance becomes equal to the gravitational force, the object reaches terminal velocity, falling at a constant speed.
**Unit 4 - Gravity**
#### What is the difference between mass and weight?
**Answer:** Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms or grams. Weight is the force exerted on an object due to gravity and is measured in newtons. Weight depends on the mass of the object and the strength of the gravitational pull acting on it (W = mass × gravity).
---
#### When you jump, you exert a pushing force against the ground. Gravity pulls you back down. Why can a person jump higher on the moon than on Earth?
**Answer:** A person can jump higher on the moon than on Earth because the moon has a weaker gravitational pull (about 1/6th that of Earth). This means that when you jump, there is less gravitational force pulling you back down, allowing you to jump higher for a longer period.
---
#### When you hold a textbook and a pencil, why does the textbook feel heavier than the pencil?
**Answer:** The textbook feels heavier than the pencil because it has a greater mass. Since weight is a measure of the force acting on that mass due to gravity, the heavier the object, the more force it exerts downward, making it feel heavier.
---
#### Describe gravitational attraction.
**Answer:** Gravitational attraction is the force that pulls two objects towards each other due to their masses. This force depends on the mass of each object and the distance between them; larger masses exert a stronger gravitational pull, and as the distance between objects increases, the force decreases.
---
#### Describe the relationship between the mass of two objects and their gravitational attraction toward each other.
**Answer:** The gravitational attraction between two objects increases with the increase in the mass of either object. This means that the greater the mass of either or both of the objects, the stronger the gravitational pull they exert on each other. The relationship is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation.
---
#### Which has more air resistance: a flat sheet of paper or a paper airplane? Justify your answer.
**Answer:** A flat sheet of paper has more air resistance than a paper airplane. This is because the flat sheet has a larger surface area facing the direction of motion, which increases drag. The streamlined shape of a paper airplane reduces air resistance as it allows air to flow more smoothly around it.
---
#### An astronaut drops a hammer and a feather from the same height on a planet without air. How will their falls compare?
**Answer:** On a planet without air, both the hammer and the feather will fall at the same rate and hit the ground simultaneously. This is because, without air resistance, the only force acting on both objects is gravity, which pulls them down at the same acceleration.
---
#### Explain why astronauts appear to bounce when they are walking on the moon.
**Answer:** Astronauts appear to bounce when walking on the moon because of the moon's weaker gravitational force. With only about 1/6th of Earth's gravity, they can push off the lunar surface with less effort, resulting in higher jumps and a bouncing motion as they walk.
---
#### Groups of skydivers need to navigate through the air during a jump to get into a formation. How can skydivers who are below the formation join the group?
**Answer:** Skydivers who are below the formation can join by decreasing their speed and altitude. They can do this by raising their arms and legs to increase drag (air resistance) and slow their descent or by maneuvering sideways in the air to position themselves underneath the formation before ascending back to the group.
---
#### Which force acts on falling objects to oppose gravity?
**Answer:** Air resistance, also known as drag, acts on falling objects to oppose the force of gravity. This force depends on the object's speed, shape, and surface area, and it works against the downward pull of gravity.
---
#### How do gravity and air resistance act on a falling object?
**Answer:** Gravity pulls a falling object downward, while air resistance opposes this motion by acting upward against the fall. The balance between the force of gravity and air resistance determines the object's acceleration. At high speeds, if air resistance becomes equal to the gravitational force, the object reaches terminal velocity, falling at a constant speed.
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