To calculate the adjusted amount of energy that is available to organisms that are one trophic level above producers, you would typically use the concept of net primary productivity (NPP) and take into account the energy lost through respiration.
The correct answer from your options is:
gross primary productivity minus amount of organic material used in respiration
This is because gross primary productivity (GPP) represents the total amount of energy captured by producers, and when you subtract the energy used in respiration, you get the net primary productivity (NPP), which represents the energy available for consumption by primary consumers (herbivores).
Thus, for the specific question on energy available to organisms one trophic level above producers, it’s about understanding how much of the energy captured by producers is actually available after accounting for respiration losses.