Question

Brefily discuss Quantitative research for someone who does not understand
1. Pre-experimental
2.Experimental
3.Non-experimental

Answer 1

Quantitative research is a method used to gather numerical data and analyze it statistically to understand patterns, relationships, or outcomes. Here’s a brief overview of three types of quantitative research designs: pre-experimental, experimental, and non-experimental.

1. **Pre-experimental**: This type of research lacks a control group, which means it does not have a standard for comparison. An example is a single-group study where researchers measure an outcome before and after a treatment or intervention to see if there is a change. While useful for initial insights or pilot studies, the lack of a control group limits the ability to draw strong conclusions about cause and effect.

2. **Experimental**: In experimental research, researchers manipulate one or more variables (called independent variables) to observe the effect on another variable (the dependent variable). This design usually includes at least one control group, which does not receive the intervention. Random assignment to groups is a key feature, helping to reduce bias and increase the reliability of the results. This method is considered the gold standard for establishing causal relationships.

3. **Non-experimental**: This type of research observes and measures variables without manipulation. Non-experimental studies can include surveys, observational studies, or correlational research, where researchers look for relationships between variables without altering them. While they can provide valuable insights and highlight trends, non-experimental designs cannot definitively establish cause-and-effect relationships due to potential confounding variables.

Each of these designs serves a different purpose in research, varying in their ability to infer causality and their applications in various fields.