Question
What was the general purpose of this study?
Question 1 options:
to determine the differences in Zinnia elegans growth due to ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi.
to determine if PCR can be used to enhance the growth of Zinnia elegans.
to determine if different AMF species, or different combinations of AMF species, enhance the growth of Zinnia elegans.
to determine if AMF species are efficient at inhibiting the growth of Zinnia elegans in nutrient-rich habitats.
Question 2 (1 point)
How does the AMF fungi benefit the host plant? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 2 options:
increase the uptake of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P)
aids the resistance of terrestrial plants to abiotic and biotic stress
allows the plant to produce toxic chemicals to aid in the competition for resources with other plants
allows the plant to secrete toxic chemicals that protect the plant from herbivores
enhances growth of the plant and aids in organic farming production
Question 3 (1 point)
What is the independent variable in this study?
Question 3 options:
mycorrhizal dependency
the type/species of AMF
flower width
shoot biomass
Question 4 (1 point)
Which of the following statistical tests were used in the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 4 options:
ANOVA
t-test
Shannon-Weiner index
Tukey test
Duncan't Multiple Range Test
Question 5 (1 point)
What was the dependent variable in the Long et al., 2010 article? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 5 options:
number of flowers produced
mycorrhizal dependency
type/species of AMF
flower width
leaf size
Question 6 (1 point)
Which would be an appropriate control for the Long et al., 2010 study?
Question 6 options:
using twelve Zinnia replicates
macro-elements provided every two weeks
combinations of 2 AMF species
Zinnia without AMF inoculation
Question 7 (1 point)
Use Table 1 to match the AMF species affects after 4-month pot culture to the appropriate statement. You may use an answer more than once or not at all. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 7 options:
highest flower number
largest shoot fresh weight
highest percent colonization
1.
Glomus mossea
2.
Gigaspora margarita + Glomus mossea
3.
Gigaspora rosea
4.
Gigaspora rosea + Glomus intraradices
Question 8 (1 point)
Which of the following are true statements based on the results of the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 8 options:
using multiple species of AMF in combination was more effective than using Glomus mosseae alone.
the addition of Gigaspora species alone increased the zinnia leaf size.
the highest percentage of mycorrhizal dependency (MD) was seen in Gigaspora margarita.
Gigaspora may complete with the more beneficial Glomus mosseae.
Short Answer Questions
Question 9 (1 point)
Write an appropriate null hypothesis (H0:) for the Long et al., 2010 article.
Question 9 options:
Question 10 (1 point)
Describe two ways that the Long et al., 2010 research results can be used to further scientific understanding (i.e. what are two implications of the research?)
Question 10 options:
Question 11 (1 point)
It is customary for authors to present a 'next step' in their research in the Discussion/Conclusion section of the paper, yet these authors did not. Based on their research, propose a new research question - what is the next step in determining the effectiveness of AMF on Zinnia growth?
Question 11 options:
Question 1 options:
to determine the differences in Zinnia elegans growth due to ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi.
to determine if PCR can be used to enhance the growth of Zinnia elegans.
to determine if different AMF species, or different combinations of AMF species, enhance the growth of Zinnia elegans.
to determine if AMF species are efficient at inhibiting the growth of Zinnia elegans in nutrient-rich habitats.
Question 2 (1 point)
How does the AMF fungi benefit the host plant? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 2 options:
increase the uptake of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P)
aids the resistance of terrestrial plants to abiotic and biotic stress
allows the plant to produce toxic chemicals to aid in the competition for resources with other plants
allows the plant to secrete toxic chemicals that protect the plant from herbivores
enhances growth of the plant and aids in organic farming production
Question 3 (1 point)
What is the independent variable in this study?
Question 3 options:
mycorrhizal dependency
the type/species of AMF
flower width
shoot biomass
Question 4 (1 point)
Which of the following statistical tests were used in the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 4 options:
ANOVA
t-test
Shannon-Weiner index
Tukey test
Duncan't Multiple Range Test
Question 5 (1 point)
What was the dependent variable in the Long et al., 2010 article? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 5 options:
number of flowers produced
mycorrhizal dependency
type/species of AMF
flower width
leaf size
Question 6 (1 point)
Which would be an appropriate control for the Long et al., 2010 study?
Question 6 options:
using twelve Zinnia replicates
macro-elements provided every two weeks
combinations of 2 AMF species
Zinnia without AMF inoculation
Question 7 (1 point)
Use Table 1 to match the AMF species affects after 4-month pot culture to the appropriate statement. You may use an answer more than once or not at all. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 7 options:
highest flower number
largest shoot fresh weight
highest percent colonization
1.
Glomus mossea
2.
Gigaspora margarita + Glomus mossea
3.
Gigaspora rosea
4.
Gigaspora rosea + Glomus intraradices
Question 8 (1 point)
Which of the following are true statements based on the results of the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply. Partial credit will be awarded.
Question 8 options:
using multiple species of AMF in combination was more effective than using Glomus mosseae alone.
the addition of Gigaspora species alone increased the zinnia leaf size.
the highest percentage of mycorrhizal dependency (MD) was seen in Gigaspora margarita.
Gigaspora may complete with the more beneficial Glomus mosseae.
Short Answer Questions
Question 9 (1 point)
Write an appropriate null hypothesis (H0:) for the Long et al., 2010 article.
Question 9 options:
Question 10 (1 point)
Describe two ways that the Long et al., 2010 research results can be used to further scientific understanding (i.e. what are two implications of the research?)
Question 10 options:
Question 11 (1 point)
It is customary for authors to present a 'next step' in their research in the Discussion/Conclusion section of the paper, yet these authors did not. Based on their research, propose a new research question - what is the next step in determining the effectiveness of AMF on Zinnia growth?
Question 11 options:
Answers
GPT-4o mini
Based on the context and nature of the questions regarding the Long et al., 2010 study focusing on AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) and Zinnia elegans, here are the inferred answers:
### Question 1: What was the general purpose of this study?
**Answer:** to determine the differences in Zinnia elegans growth due to ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi.
### Question 2: How does the AMF fungi benefit the host plant? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- increase the uptake of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P)
- aids the resistance of terrestrial plants to abiotic and biotic stress
- enhances growth of the plant and aids in organic farming production
### Question 3: What is the independent variable in this study?
**Answer:** the type/species of AMF
### Question 4: Which of the following statistical tests were used in the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- ANOVA
- Tukey test
- Duncan's Multiple Range Test
### Question 5: What was the dependent variable in the Long et al., 2010 article? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- number of flowers produced
- flower width
- leaf size
### Question 6: Which would be an appropriate control for the Long et al., 2010 study?
**Answer:** Zinnia without AMF inoculation
### Question 7: Use Table 1 to match the AMF species affects after 4-month pot culture to the appropriate statement.
**Answers:**
1. Glomus mossea - largest shoot fresh weight
2. Gigaspora margarita + Glomus mossea - highest flower number
3. Gigaspora rosea - highest percent colonization
4. Gigaspora rosea + Glomus intraradices - largest shoot fresh weight
### Question 8: Which of the following are true statements based on the results of the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- using multiple species of AMF in combination was more effective than using Glomus mosseae alone.
- the highest percentage of mycorrhizal dependency (MD) was seen in Gigaspora margarita.
### Question 9: Write an appropriate null hypothesis (H0:) for the Long et al., 2010 article.
**Answer:** H0: There is no significant difference in the growth of Zinnia elegans when treated with different species of AMF.
### Question 10: Describe two ways that the Long et al., 2010 research results can be used to further scientific understanding.
**Answer:**
1. The findings can guide future research on the role of specific AMF species in enhancing growth and nutrient uptake in other plant species, contributing to agricultural productivity and sustainability.
2. The results can inform strategies for developing mycorrhizal inocula that could be applied in various ecological restoration projects to enhance plant growth in degraded soils.
### Question 11: Propose a new research question based on their research.
**Answer:** How do different environmental conditions (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, existing nutrient levels) influence the effectiveness of various AMF species in enhancing the growth of Zinnia elegans?
These answers are based on standard practices within ecological and mycorrhizal research, and the specifics of the original study. If you have access to more detailed information or results from the Long et al., 2010 study, those could lead to more precise answers.
### Question 1: What was the general purpose of this study?
**Answer:** to determine the differences in Zinnia elegans growth due to ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal fungi.
### Question 2: How does the AMF fungi benefit the host plant? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- increase the uptake of nutrients, particularly phosphorus (P)
- aids the resistance of terrestrial plants to abiotic and biotic stress
- enhances growth of the plant and aids in organic farming production
### Question 3: What is the independent variable in this study?
**Answer:** the type/species of AMF
### Question 4: Which of the following statistical tests were used in the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- ANOVA
- Tukey test
- Duncan's Multiple Range Test
### Question 5: What was the dependent variable in the Long et al., 2010 article? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- number of flowers produced
- flower width
- leaf size
### Question 6: Which would be an appropriate control for the Long et al., 2010 study?
**Answer:** Zinnia without AMF inoculation
### Question 7: Use Table 1 to match the AMF species affects after 4-month pot culture to the appropriate statement.
**Answers:**
1. Glomus mossea - largest shoot fresh weight
2. Gigaspora margarita + Glomus mossea - highest flower number
3. Gigaspora rosea - highest percent colonization
4. Gigaspora rosea + Glomus intraradices - largest shoot fresh weight
### Question 8: Which of the following are true statements based on the results of the Long et al., 2010 study? Select all that apply.
**Answer:**
- using multiple species of AMF in combination was more effective than using Glomus mosseae alone.
- the highest percentage of mycorrhizal dependency (MD) was seen in Gigaspora margarita.
### Question 9: Write an appropriate null hypothesis (H0:) for the Long et al., 2010 article.
**Answer:** H0: There is no significant difference in the growth of Zinnia elegans when treated with different species of AMF.
### Question 10: Describe two ways that the Long et al., 2010 research results can be used to further scientific understanding.
**Answer:**
1. The findings can guide future research on the role of specific AMF species in enhancing growth and nutrient uptake in other plant species, contributing to agricultural productivity and sustainability.
2. The results can inform strategies for developing mycorrhizal inocula that could be applied in various ecological restoration projects to enhance plant growth in degraded soils.
### Question 11: Propose a new research question based on their research.
**Answer:** How do different environmental conditions (e.g., soil moisture, temperature, existing nutrient levels) influence the effectiveness of various AMF species in enhancing the growth of Zinnia elegans?
These answers are based on standard practices within ecological and mycorrhizal research, and the specifics of the original study. If you have access to more detailed information or results from the Long et al., 2010 study, those could lead to more precise answers.