The most likely explanation for the problem with John's compost pile is:
The compost pile contained incorrect amounts of "greens" and "browns".
In composting, a balanced ratio of 'greens' (nitrogen-rich materials) and 'browns' (carbon-rich materials) is essential for maintaining microbial activity and generating heat. If there is an imbalance, it can lead to slow decomposition and a cooler pile, as you described.