Question

Original DNA: AAT TTA ACG TAG CTA TGA

(same as last question, copy paste) original mRNA:

(same as last question, copy paste) original Amino Acid sequence (use three letter abbreviation):

Mutation #4 DNA: AAT TTA ACG GTA GCT ATG A

Mutation #4 mRNA:

Mutation #4 Amino Acids:

Mutation #4 Type:

Answer 1

Let's go through the steps to derive the original mRNA, amino acid sequence, and then the mutated sequences for Mutation #4.

### Original DNA Sequence
**DNA:** AAT TTA ACG TAG CTA TGA

**1. Original mRNA**
To transcribe DNA to mRNA, we replace Thymine (T) with Uracil (U):
- AAT TTA ACG TAG CTA TGA → UUA AAU UGC AUC GAU ACU

**mRNA:** UUA AAU UGC AUC GAU ACU

**2. Original Amino Acid Sequence**
Using a codon chart, we can convert the mRNA to the corresponding amino acids. We will break the mRNA into codons (groups of three):

- UUA → Leu (Leucine)
- AAU → Asn (Asparagine)
- UGC → Cys (Cysteine)
- AUC → Ile (Isoleucine)
- GAU → Asp (Aspartic Acid)
- ACU → Thr (Threonine)

**Original Amino Acid Sequence:** Leu-Asn-Cys-Ile-Asp-Thr

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### Mutation #4
**Mutated DNA Sequence:** AAT TTA ACG GTA GCT ATG A

**1. Mutation #4 mRNA**
Transcribing mutated DNA to mRNA:
- AAT TTA ACG GTA GCT ATG A → UUA AAU UGC CAU CGA UAC U

**Mutation #4 mRNA:** UUA AAU UGC CAU CGA UAC U

**2. Mutation #4 Amino Acids**
Now we convert the mutated mRNA to amino acids:
Breaking into codons:
- UUA → Leu (Leucine)
- AAU → Asn (Asparagine)
- UGC → Cys (Cysteine)
- CAU → His (Histidine)
- CGA → Arg (Arginine)
- UAC → Tyr (Tyrosine)

**Mutation #4 Amino Acid Sequence:** Leu-Asn-Cys-His-Arg-Tyr

**3. Mutation #4 Type**
To identify the type of mutation, compare the original amino acids to the mutated ones. We see:

- Original: Cys (Cysteine) → Mutated: His (Histidine)

This is a missense mutation, as one amino acid has been changed to another.

**Mutation #4 Type:** Missense Mutation

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### Summary
- **Original mRNA:** UUA AAU UGC AUC GAU ACU
- **Original Amino Acid Sequence:** Leu-Asn-Cys-Ile-Asp-Thr
- **Mutation #4 mRNA:** UUA AAU UGC CAU CGA UAC U
- **Mutation #4 Amino Acids:** Leu-Asn-Cys-His-Arg-Tyr
- **Mutation #4 Type:** Missense Mutation