Question

Original DNA: AAT TTA ACG TAG CTA TGA

original mRNA:

original Amino Acid sequence (use three letter abbreviation):

Mutation #1 DNA: AAT TTA ACA TAG CTA TGA

Mutation #1 mRNA:

Mutation #1 Amino Acids:

Mutation #1 Type:

Answer 1

To derive the mRNA and amino acid sequences from the original DNA and the mutated DNA, we'll follow these steps:

1. **Transcription**: Convert the original DNA sequence to mRNA by replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U).
2. **Translation**: Convert the mRNA sequence to the corresponding amino acids using the genetic code.

### Original DNA
Original DNA:
```
AAT TTA ACG TAG CTA TGA
```

### Step 1: Original mRNA
To transcribe the DNA to mRNA, we replace each base with its complementary RNA base:
- A → U
- T → A
- C → G
- G → C

Original mRNA:
```
UUA AAU UGC AUC GAU ACU
```

### Step 2: Original Amino Acid Sequence
Using the genetic code, we can translate the mRNA into amino acids (using three-letter abbreviations):
- (UUA) → Leu (Leucine)
- (AAU) → Asn (Asparagine)
- (UGC) → Cys (Cysteine)
- (AUC) → Ile (Isoleucine)
- (GAU) → Asp (Aspartic Acid)
- (ACU) → Thr (Threonine)

Original Amino Acid Sequence:
```
Leu Asn Cys Ile Asp Thr
```

### Mutation #1 DNA
Mutation #1 DNA:
```
AAT TTA ACA TAG CTA TGA
```

### Step 1: Mutation #1 mRNA
Following the same transcription process:
Mutation #1 mRNA:
```
UUA AAU UGU AUC GAU ACU
```

### Step 2: Mutation #1 Amino Acids
Now let's translate the mutated mRNA into amino acids:
- (UUA) → Leu (Leucine)
- (AAU) → Asn (Asparagine)
- (UGU) → Cys (Cysteine) **(changed from UGC)**
- (AUC) → Ile (Isoleucine)
- (GAU) → Asp (Aspartic Acid)
- (ACU) → Thr (Threonine)

Mutation #1 Amino Acid Sequence:
```
Leu Asn Cys Ile Asp Thr
```

### Mutation #1 Type
The mutation involved a single nucleotide change (from ACG to ACA). Since this change resulted in a codon that still translates to the same amino acid (Cys), it is classified as a **silent mutation**.

### Summary:
- **Original mRNA**: UUA AAU UGC AUC GAU ACU
- **Original Amino Acid Sequence**: Leu Asn Cys Ile Asp Thr
- **Mutation #1 mRNA**: UUA AAU UGU AUC GAU ACU
- **Mutation #1 Amino Acids**: Leu Asn Cys Ile Asp Thr
- **Mutation #1 Type**: Silent Mutation