Marina conducts an experiment investigating Newton’s first law of motion by sliding several objects across a smooth floor. The time in seconds it took for each object to travel 100 centimeters is recorded in the following table.

Newton’s First Law of Motion
Surface: Smooth Floor – Time in Seconds
Object Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5
Toy 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.9 3.1
Block 3.2 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.4
Ball 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1
Pen 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.5
Which of the items had the fastest average speed over the five trials?

(1 point)
Responses

the Ball
the Ball

the Block
the Block

the Pen
the Pen

the Toy
the Toy

1 answer

To determine which object had the fastest average speed over the five trials, we need to calculate the average time it took for each object to travel 100 centimeters in each trial, and then use the formula for speed:

\[ \text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}} \]

Since the distance is constant (100 cm), we can also express the average speed inversely proportional to the average time (a shorter time means a higher speed).

Let's calculate the average time for each object:

  1. Toy: \[ \text{Average Time} = \frac{3.1 + 2.9 + 3.0 + 2.9 + 3.1}{5} = \frac{15.0}{5} = 3.0 \text{ seconds} \]

  2. Block: \[ \text{Average Time} = \frac{3.2 + 3.0 + 3.6 + 3.3 + 3.4}{5} = \frac{16.5}{5} = 3.3 \text{ seconds} \]

  3. Ball: \[ \text{Average Time} = \frac{2.3 + 2.1 + 2.2 + 2.1 + 2.1}{5} = \frac{10.8}{5} = 2.16 \text{ seconds} \]

  4. Pen: \[ \text{Average Time} = \frac{1.8 + 1.9 + 2.1 + 1.7 + 1.5}{5} = \frac{9.0}{5} = 1.8 \text{ seconds} \]

Now that we have calculated the averages, we can compare them:

  • Toy: 3.0 seconds
  • Block: 3.3 seconds
  • Ball: 2.16 seconds
  • Pen: 1.8 seconds

The object with the fastest average speed, which corresponds to the shortest average time, is the Pen with an average time of 1.8 seconds.

Final Answer: the Pen