To determine which of the provided functions are equivalent to \(\tan \theta\), we will analyze each option based on trigonometric identities:
-
\(-\tan(-\theta)\):
- Using the identity \(\tan(-\theta) = -\tan(\theta)\), we have: \[ -\tan(-\theta) = -(-\tan(\theta)) = \tan(\theta) \] This is equivalent to \(\tan \theta\).
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\(-\tan \theta\):
- This is simply the negative of \(\tan \theta\) and is not equivalent to \(\tan \theta\).
-
\(\tan(-\theta)\):
- By the identity \(\tan(-\theta) = -\tan(\theta)\), this is not equivalent to \(\tan \theta\).
-
\(\tan(\theta + 2\pi)\):
- The tangent function is periodic with a period of \(\pi\), so: \[ \tan(\theta + 2\pi) = \tan(\theta) \] This is equivalent to \(\tan \theta\).
-
\(\tan\left(\theta + \frac{\pi}{2}\right)\):
- The tangent function has a vertical asymptote at \(\theta = \frac{\pi}{2}\) plus multiples of \(\pi\), thus: \[ \tan\left(\theta + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) = -\cot(\theta) \] This is not equivalent to \(\tan\theta\).
Based on this analysis, the functions that are equivalent to \(\tan \theta\) are:
- \(-\tan(-\theta)\)
- \(\tan(\theta + 2\pi)\)
Final Answer:
- \(-\tan(-\theta)\)
- \(\tan(\theta + 2\pi)\)