Definition of Finger Joint
Finger joints, known scientifically as interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints, are the anatomical structures that connect the bones of the fingers. The fingers consist of three bones called phalanges (proximal, middle, and distal) in the case of the four fingers and two in the thumb (proximal and distal) (Powers et al., 2021). Each finger joint allows for a range of motion, facilitating various activities, from grasping objects to intricate hand movements.
Functions of Finger Joints
Finger joints serve several crucial functions:
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Mobility: The primary function of finger joints is to enable a range of motion, which allows for flexibility and dexterity in the fingers (Levangie & Norkin, 2011). The metacarpophalangeal joints allow for flexion, extension, and limited abduction and adduction, while interphalangeal joints primarily permit flexion and extension.
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Grip and Manipulation: The unique design of finger joints allows the hand to grasp and manipulate objects effectively. Proper function of these joints is essential for tasks that require fine motor skills, such as writing, typing, and using tools (Wood et al., 2018).
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Weight Bearing and Load Distribution: Finger joints also play a role in weight bearing and load distribution when the hand is used to support weight, such as when pushing against a surface or during certain athletic activities (Jovanović et al., 2019).
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Sensory Functionality: The joints, along with the surrounding tissues, house proprioceptors that provide sensory feedback to the brain about the position of the fingers and the force being exerted. This sensory input is critical for coordinated movements and enhancing hand function (Hepp-Reymond et al., 2019).
Overall, the finger joints are vital for hand functionality, influencing both gross and fine motor skills essential for daily activities.
References
- Hepp-Reymond, M. C., Neuper, C., & Pfurtscheller, G. (2019). Proprioceptive feedback in the control of hand movements. Experimental Brain Research, 237(2), 263-274.
- Jovanović, N., Milinković, D., & Mikić, A. (2019). Load distribution in the fingers and its importance in hand function. Journal of Biomechanics, 84, 63-72.
- Levangie, P. K., & Norkin, C. C. (2011). Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (5th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning.
- Powers, C. M., McCaw, S. T., & Riemann, B. L. (2021). Biomechanics of the hand and fingers. In Fundamentals of Biomechanics (pp. 275-299). Springer.
- Wood, D. J., Kearney, R. E., & Pease, D. L. (2018). The functional roles of finger joints in manipulation tasks. Journal of Hand Therapy, 31(3), 355-363.