What is "composting"? Why is it useful and what microorganisms make it function?

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Composting is the process of decomposing organic waste—such as kitchen scraps, yard waste, and paper—into nutrient-rich soil. It is a natural recycling method that transforms waste into valuable compost, which can enrich soil and promote healthy plant growth.

Benefits of Composting:

  1. Reduces waste in landfills.
  2. Lowers greenhouse gas emissions.
  3. Enhances soil health and fertility.
  4. Conserves water and reduces the need for chemical fertilizers.

Microorganisms Involved: Key microorganisms in composting include:

  • Bacteria: Break down organic matter quickly and play a crucial role in the initial stages of decomposition.
  • Fungi: Help break down tougher plant materials like cellulose and lignin.
  • Protozoa and Nematodes: Feed on bacteria and fungi, helping to regulate microbial populations and contribute to nutrient cycling.

Together, these microorganisms create a rich, balanced compost that benefits gardens and ecosystems.