Question

Do you have siblings? You may have similar traits, but you are also very different. We exhibit genetic variation, even in the same family, thanks to sexual reproduction. During sexual reproduction gametes are produced through the process of meiosis. Gametes, egg or sperm, are haploid cells thanks to this process, so the 46 chromosomes our body cells contain are reduced so when egg or sperm are produced there are 23 chromosomes each. And in every family, with the same parents, those 23 chromosomes vary every time a gamut is produced, except in the case of identical twins. Look at the diagram of meiosis. When the process is complete, each haploid gamete contains a variation of the original diploid cell.
Question 1
During meiosis chromosomes move randomly to separate poles. A human gamete will end up with 23 chromosomes after meiosis, but ________________ assures that each gamete will have one of many different combinations of chromosomes.
Responses
A law of dominancelaw of dominance
B random segregationrandom segregation
C genetic recombinationgenetic recombination
D independent assortmentindependent assortment
Question 2
Take a close look at the chromosomes in division 1, when homologous chromosomes come together and form tetrads. The arms of the non-sister chromatids have wound around each other and exchanged segments of chromosomes. This is called __________ and contributes to genetic variation.
Responses
A segregationsegregation
B crossing overcrossing over
C nondisjunctionnondisjunction
D allelic mixing

Answer 1

**Question 1:**
The process that assures each gamete will have one of many different combinations of chromosomes is called **D. independent assortment.**

**Question 2:**
The process where the arms of non-sister chromatids wound around each other and exchanged segments of chromosomes is called **B. crossing over.**