Question
SIMULATING SEGREGATION
red(R) - dominant trait
White (r) - recessive trait
Data
TRIAL #’S___RESULTS___PHENOTYPE
1__________R+R________dom (red)
2__________r+r_________rec (white)
3__________R+r________dom (red)
4__________R+r________dom (red)
5__________r+r_________rec (white)
6__________R+R________dom (red)
7__________R+r_________dom (red)
8__________r+r_________rec (white)
9__________R+R________dom (red)
10_________r+r_________rec (white)
11_________r+r_________rec (white)
12_________R+r________dom (red)
13_________R+r________dom (red)
14_________R+r________dom (red)
15_________R+r________dom (red)
MATH EQUATIONS
10/15=66.6%
5/15=33.3%
ANALYZE AND INTERPRET DATA
1)USE MODELS: determine whether each offspring is white or red. The calculate the percentage of offspring for each color
2)REFINE YOUR PLAN:How would you revise this investigation to stimulate the crossing of two genes each with two alleles
red(R) - dominant trait
White (r) - recessive trait
Data
TRIAL #’S___RESULTS___PHENOTYPE
1__________R+R________dom (red)
2__________r+r_________rec (white)
3__________R+r________dom (red)
4__________R+r________dom (red)
5__________r+r_________rec (white)
6__________R+R________dom (red)
7__________R+r_________dom (red)
8__________r+r_________rec (white)
9__________R+R________dom (red)
10_________r+r_________rec (white)
11_________r+r_________rec (white)
12_________R+r________dom (red)
13_________R+r________dom (red)
14_________R+r________dom (red)
15_________R+r________dom (red)
MATH EQUATIONS
10/15=66.6%
5/15=33.3%
ANALYZE AND INTERPRET DATA
1)USE MODELS: determine whether each offspring is white or red. The calculate the percentage of offspring for each color
2)REFINE YOUR PLAN:How would you revise this investigation to stimulate the crossing of two genes each with two alleles
Answers
GPT-4o mini
### Analyze and Interpret Data
1. **Determine Offspring Phenotypes:**
- The results of the trials show various combinations of the dominant (R) and recessive (r) traits. We analyze the phenotype of each offspring as follows:
- R+R = red (dominant)
- r+r = white (recessive)
- R+r = red (dominant)
- Based on the data provided from trials 1 to 15, the distribution of phenotypes is as follows:
- **Red (dominant)**: Trials 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 (9 trials)
- **White (recessive)**: Trials 2, 5, 8, 10, 11 (5 trials)
**Calculating Percentages:**
- Total number of trials: 15
- Percentage of red offspring (dominant):
\( \frac{9 \text{ (red)}}{15 \text{ (total)}} \times 100 = 60\% \)
- Percentage of white offspring (recessive):
\( \frac{5 \text{ (white)}}{15 \text{ (total)}} \times 100 = 33.3\% \)
2. **Refine Your Plan:**
- To revise this investigation to simulate the crossing of two genes, each with two alleles, we can adopt the following guidelines:
- **Introduce a Second Trait:**
- For instance, in addition to the red (R) and white (r) traits, we could introduce a second trait such as tall (T) as a dominant trait and short (t) as a recessive trait. Thus, we would have two genes with the following combinations:
- RR, Rr, rr for color (R and r)
- TT, Tt, tt for height (T and t)
- **Cross Two Traits:**
- Use a dihybrid cross, which combines all combinations of the two traits. The genotypes could be analyzed for all combinations:
- RRTT, RRTt, RrTT, RrTt, Rrtt, rrTT, rrTt, and rrt and analyze their resulting phenotypes (e.g. red tall, red short, white tall, white short, etc.).
- **Increase Sample Size:**
- To obtain more reliable results, increase the total number of trials conducted to better reflect the expected ratios predicted by Mendelian genetics (e.g., a classic 9:3:3:1 ratio expected in a dihybrid cross).
- **Use Punnett Squares:**
- Implement Punnett squares for each cross to visualize and calculate expectations for offspring combinations, allowing students to better understand inheritance patterns.
By refining the experimental design in this manner, the simulation will provide insights into more complex inheritance patterns while maintaining clarity in interpreting phenotypic ratios.
1. **Determine Offspring Phenotypes:**
- The results of the trials show various combinations of the dominant (R) and recessive (r) traits. We analyze the phenotype of each offspring as follows:
- R+R = red (dominant)
- r+r = white (recessive)
- R+r = red (dominant)
- Based on the data provided from trials 1 to 15, the distribution of phenotypes is as follows:
- **Red (dominant)**: Trials 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15 (9 trials)
- **White (recessive)**: Trials 2, 5, 8, 10, 11 (5 trials)
**Calculating Percentages:**
- Total number of trials: 15
- Percentage of red offspring (dominant):
\( \frac{9 \text{ (red)}}{15 \text{ (total)}} \times 100 = 60\% \)
- Percentage of white offspring (recessive):
\( \frac{5 \text{ (white)}}{15 \text{ (total)}} \times 100 = 33.3\% \)
2. **Refine Your Plan:**
- To revise this investigation to simulate the crossing of two genes, each with two alleles, we can adopt the following guidelines:
- **Introduce a Second Trait:**
- For instance, in addition to the red (R) and white (r) traits, we could introduce a second trait such as tall (T) as a dominant trait and short (t) as a recessive trait. Thus, we would have two genes with the following combinations:
- RR, Rr, rr for color (R and r)
- TT, Tt, tt for height (T and t)
- **Cross Two Traits:**
- Use a dihybrid cross, which combines all combinations of the two traits. The genotypes could be analyzed for all combinations:
- RRTT, RRTt, RrTT, RrTt, Rrtt, rrTT, rrTt, and rrt and analyze their resulting phenotypes (e.g. red tall, red short, white tall, white short, etc.).
- **Increase Sample Size:**
- To obtain more reliable results, increase the total number of trials conducted to better reflect the expected ratios predicted by Mendelian genetics (e.g., a classic 9:3:3:1 ratio expected in a dihybrid cross).
- **Use Punnett Squares:**
- Implement Punnett squares for each cross to visualize and calculate expectations for offspring combinations, allowing students to better understand inheritance patterns.
By refining the experimental design in this manner, the simulation will provide insights into more complex inheritance patterns while maintaining clarity in interpreting phenotypic ratios.