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Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio Introduction 1 Introduction Over the next three lessons, you will apply what you have learned...Question
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio Introduction 1
Introduction
Over the next three lessons, you will apply what you have learned about thermal energy by completing the following tasks for a portfolio project:
reading about how to design a device to maximize thermal energy transfer
recording your thoughts about using different criteria and dealing with various constraints
considering what supplies you have available for completion of the portfolio project
completing a “Concept Web” to help you narrow down the criteria and constraints for your device design
writing a design plan to create your thermal pad
creating the device using provided instructions and guidance
analyzing provided data to draw conclusions about testing a thermal energy conductor
writing a short paragraph summarizing your findings
collecting data over time on the thermal transfer achieved by your device
completing a “Draw and Write” task with a labeled diagram of your device and a short summary of how a thermal pad functions
reviewing your findings and making improvements to your device or designing a new device to improve on your original idea
When you have finished the tasks, you will turn in the following items in the dropbox at the end of the Portfolio lessons:
your completed Concept Web with criteria and constraints
your written design plan for creating your thermal pad
your completed Draw and Write document with the labeled diagram and written summary
your experimental results, which include:
Create Your Device Part 2 from day 2 of this portfolio
Making Modifications and Retesting from day 3 of this portfolio
your reflection on how thermal pads may be helpful in real-world applications from day 3 of this portfolio
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 2
A thermal pad transfers energy via conduction to another object or entity that it is in contact with, or to its surrounding environment. A thermal pad in the form of a cold pack uses an endothermic reaction to cool things, as these devices absorb heat. A thermal pad in the form of a heat pack utilizes an exothermic reaction which warms objects it is in direct contact with or the surrounding environment. Different devices that you may come across in your daily life utilize thermal energy transfer to either warm or cool objects. Have you ever used an ice pack in a cooler or lunch box to keep your food cool? Have you ever used a heat pack to warm your hands or a heating pad to calm cramps? Can you think of some devices which you may see or use in your daily life that works by transmitting thermal energy?
The device that you design will be a conductor, which is a device that works well to transfer thermal energy. By contrast, insulators are materials that work to slow the transfer of thermal energy. Some materials work better as conductors while others work better as insulators. As mentioned earlier in the Portfolio, metals are the best conductors of thermal energy. Also, materials that work well as insulators include fabrics, wood, plastic, and paper.
Create Your Device, Part 1
For this activity, you want to create and test a thermal pad: either a heating pad that will emit thermal energy or a cold pack that will absorb thermal energy. While some examples were provided earlier, it is important to make the device your own.
To begin, you will use the following rubric to write out your design plan. Be sure to include how the materials will work well to absorb or emit thermal energy. How will your thermal pad be different from the basic plan? Can you think of creative ways to improve the basic design?
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 2
Create Your Device, Part 2
Review your choices of both the container and the substance in the container that make up your thermal pad. The decide how you will determine your pad’s effectiveness — how often and for how long you will take temperature readings of the water.
IMPORTANT: Safety Instructions:
If you decide to use a microwave oven, the substance inside the heat pad should be damp or wet.
Microwave the pad for no more than 30 seconds at a time. The goal is to have a noticeably warm heat pad, but not hot enough to cause a burn. NOTE: If the thermal pad is emitting steam, it is too hot to touch.
When the pad is warm to touch, handle it using a potholder or oven mitt.
Procedure
Create your thermal pad by placing the substance or substances you chose into the container you chose.
As you work, think about how your thermal pad could be useful.
Use a thermometer to find the internal temperature of your device. Record that temperature in a table like the one below. Be sure to use the standard SI units degrees Celsius and seconds.
If your thermometer is only calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit, you convert your reading to Celsius using this formula: (º F – 32) ⋅ 1.8 = º C
Proceed as planned to put initial thermal energy into the heat pad and/or reduce the amount of thermal energy in the cold pack.
When the process is complete, record the internal temperature of the thermal pad.
Continue recording the water temperature at regular intervals of a length you determine to be appropriate. Record all the readings in your table.
When you have finished and cleaned up your materials, write a short paragraph that answers these questions:
Did the temperature of the thermal pad change as quickly or as much as you expected it to?
Do you consider your thermal pad to be a success? Why or why not?
In what situations might the thermal pad be useful?
Time of Temperature Reading
in seconds
Thermal Pad Initial
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 3
Making Modifications and Repeat Testing
Considering the model of thermal pad that you created, would you be able to repeat your testing using the same steps?
Do you think that your results would be relatively the same or significantly different? Explain.
Would you change anything about your design or the process you used to create your thermal pad?
Record your answers in your science notebook or journal.
The students who were testing their thermal pads used the results of the test to develop modifications for their devices. A student who utilized sunlight to initially heat their device decided to try using a microwave oven instead. Another student, who lowered the initial temperature of their cold pack by putting it in the freezer, wanted to see what would happen if they used a refrigerator instead.
The students recorded the results of the second test in the same tables in which they recorded the results of the first test. That makes it very easy to compare the data from the two tests,
Table
Time (seconds)
Initial Read
60 seconds
120 seconds
180 seconds
240 seconds
300 seconds
Heat Pack
50ºC 48ºC
47 ºC
46 ºC
45 ºC
43 ºC
Cooling Pack
3ºC 3ºC 4 ºC 4 ºC 4ºC 5ºC
This table contains the data from a second round of testing.
Table
Time (seconds)
Initial Read
60 seconds
120 seconds
180 seconds
240 seconds
300 seconds
Heat Pack
74ºC
72 ºC 71 ºC 70 ºC 70 ºC 69 ºC
Cooling Pack
2 ºC 2 ºC 3 ºC 3 ºC 3 ºC 4 ºC
Now you will make your proposed changes to your device or the process that you used to create it. For example, if you initially raised the temperature of your thermal pad by placing it in direct sunlight, you may want to modify your process by using a microwave oven. Or if you used a small washcloth in creating your device, you might try using a larger piece of fabric, such as a dish towel.
Record the changes you make to the device and/or process. Construct a table, as you did for the first round of testing, to show your initial reading of temperature, and readings recorded every 60 seconds for a maximum of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
If, for some reason, you are unable to modify your device/process then refer to the table showing an example of data collected.
After modifying either your device or process, retest your device and record your new findings.
Introduction
Over the next three lessons, you will apply what you have learned about thermal energy by completing the following tasks for a portfolio project:
reading about how to design a device to maximize thermal energy transfer
recording your thoughts about using different criteria and dealing with various constraints
considering what supplies you have available for completion of the portfolio project
completing a “Concept Web” to help you narrow down the criteria and constraints for your device design
writing a design plan to create your thermal pad
creating the device using provided instructions and guidance
analyzing provided data to draw conclusions about testing a thermal energy conductor
writing a short paragraph summarizing your findings
collecting data over time on the thermal transfer achieved by your device
completing a “Draw and Write” task with a labeled diagram of your device and a short summary of how a thermal pad functions
reviewing your findings and making improvements to your device or designing a new device to improve on your original idea
When you have finished the tasks, you will turn in the following items in the dropbox at the end of the Portfolio lessons:
your completed Concept Web with criteria and constraints
your written design plan for creating your thermal pad
your completed Draw and Write document with the labeled diagram and written summary
your experimental results, which include:
Create Your Device Part 2 from day 2 of this portfolio
Making Modifications and Retesting from day 3 of this portfolio
your reflection on how thermal pads may be helpful in real-world applications from day 3 of this portfolio
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 2
A thermal pad transfers energy via conduction to another object or entity that it is in contact with, or to its surrounding environment. A thermal pad in the form of a cold pack uses an endothermic reaction to cool things, as these devices absorb heat. A thermal pad in the form of a heat pack utilizes an exothermic reaction which warms objects it is in direct contact with or the surrounding environment. Different devices that you may come across in your daily life utilize thermal energy transfer to either warm or cool objects. Have you ever used an ice pack in a cooler or lunch box to keep your food cool? Have you ever used a heat pack to warm your hands or a heating pad to calm cramps? Can you think of some devices which you may see or use in your daily life that works by transmitting thermal energy?
The device that you design will be a conductor, which is a device that works well to transfer thermal energy. By contrast, insulators are materials that work to slow the transfer of thermal energy. Some materials work better as conductors while others work better as insulators. As mentioned earlier in the Portfolio, metals are the best conductors of thermal energy. Also, materials that work well as insulators include fabrics, wood, plastic, and paper.
Create Your Device, Part 1
For this activity, you want to create and test a thermal pad: either a heating pad that will emit thermal energy or a cold pack that will absorb thermal energy. While some examples were provided earlier, it is important to make the device your own.
To begin, you will use the following rubric to write out your design plan. Be sure to include how the materials will work well to absorb or emit thermal energy. How will your thermal pad be different from the basic plan? Can you think of creative ways to improve the basic design?
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 2
Create Your Device, Part 2
Review your choices of both the container and the substance in the container that make up your thermal pad. The decide how you will determine your pad’s effectiveness — how often and for how long you will take temperature readings of the water.
IMPORTANT: Safety Instructions:
If you decide to use a microwave oven, the substance inside the heat pad should be damp or wet.
Microwave the pad for no more than 30 seconds at a time. The goal is to have a noticeably warm heat pad, but not hot enough to cause a burn. NOTE: If the thermal pad is emitting steam, it is too hot to touch.
When the pad is warm to touch, handle it using a potholder or oven mitt.
Procedure
Create your thermal pad by placing the substance or substances you chose into the container you chose.
As you work, think about how your thermal pad could be useful.
Use a thermometer to find the internal temperature of your device. Record that temperature in a table like the one below. Be sure to use the standard SI units degrees Celsius and seconds.
If your thermometer is only calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit, you convert your reading to Celsius using this formula: (º F – 32) ⋅ 1.8 = º C
Proceed as planned to put initial thermal energy into the heat pad and/or reduce the amount of thermal energy in the cold pack.
When the process is complete, record the internal temperature of the thermal pad.
Continue recording the water temperature at regular intervals of a length you determine to be appropriate. Record all the readings in your table.
When you have finished and cleaned up your materials, write a short paragraph that answers these questions:
Did the temperature of the thermal pad change as quickly or as much as you expected it to?
Do you consider your thermal pad to be a success? Why or why not?
In what situations might the thermal pad be useful?
Time of Temperature Reading
in seconds
Thermal Pad Initial
Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio 3
Making Modifications and Repeat Testing
Considering the model of thermal pad that you created, would you be able to repeat your testing using the same steps?
Do you think that your results would be relatively the same or significantly different? Explain.
Would you change anything about your design or the process you used to create your thermal pad?
Record your answers in your science notebook or journal.
The students who were testing their thermal pads used the results of the test to develop modifications for their devices. A student who utilized sunlight to initially heat their device decided to try using a microwave oven instead. Another student, who lowered the initial temperature of their cold pack by putting it in the freezer, wanted to see what would happen if they used a refrigerator instead.
The students recorded the results of the second test in the same tables in which they recorded the results of the first test. That makes it very easy to compare the data from the two tests,
Table
Time (seconds)
Initial Read
60 seconds
120 seconds
180 seconds
240 seconds
300 seconds
Heat Pack
50ºC 48ºC
47 ºC
46 ºC
45 ºC
43 ºC
Cooling Pack
3ºC 3ºC 4 ºC 4 ºC 4ºC 5ºC
This table contains the data from a second round of testing.
Table
Time (seconds)
Initial Read
60 seconds
120 seconds
180 seconds
240 seconds
300 seconds
Heat Pack
74ºC
72 ºC 71 ºC 70 ºC 70 ºC 69 ºC
Cooling Pack
2 ºC 2 ºC 3 ºC 3 ºC 3 ºC 4 ºC
Now you will make your proposed changes to your device or the process that you used to create it. For example, if you initially raised the temperature of your thermal pad by placing it in direct sunlight, you may want to modify your process by using a microwave oven. Or if you used a small washcloth in creating your device, you might try using a larger piece of fabric, such as a dish towel.
Record the changes you make to the device and/or process. Construct a table, as you did for the first round of testing, to show your initial reading of temperature, and readings recorded every 60 seconds for a maximum of 300 seconds (5 minutes).
If, for some reason, you are unable to modify your device/process then refer to the table showing an example of data collected.
After modifying either your device or process, retest your device and record your new findings.
Answers
GPT-4o mini
## Thermal Energy Transfer Portfolio
### Introduction
In this portfolio, I will explore the principles of thermal energy transfer by designing and testing a thermal pad that either emits heat or absorbs it. Through this process, I will learn about conducting and insulating materials, devise a unique design, and evaluate the effectiveness of my thermal pad using systematic data collection. The goal is to understand not only the science behind thermal energy transfer but also its practical applications in everyday life.
### Concept Web
#### Criteria for Design:
1. **Material Selection**: Choose materials that are good thermal conductors (metals) or insulators (fabric, foam).
2. **Size & Shape**: Determine optimal size and shape for maximum contact area and heat transfer.
3. **Ease of Use**: Ensure the device is user-friendly and safe to operate.
#### Constraints:
1. **Available Materials**: Limited to materials I can source at home or school.
2. **Time Limit**: The project must be completed within the given timeframe.
3. **Safety Guidelines**: Follow all safety instructions during the heating process.
### Design Plan for Thermal Pad
1. **Container**: I will use a resealable plastic bag to hold the thermal energy absorbing or emitting substances.
2. **Substance**: For a heat pad, I will use a mixture of rice and a little water; for a cold pack, I will use ice cubes or frozen gel packs.
3. **Functionality**: The rice will absorb heat when microwaved to create warmth, while the ice cubes will absorb heat to create a cooling effect.
4. **Creativity**: I may add essential oils to the heat pad for a soothing aroma or use a larger container for increased thermal retention.
### Create Your Device, Part 1
#### Steps to Create the Thermal Pad:
1. **Gather Materials**: Resealable plastic bag, rice, water (for the heat pad), or ice cubes (for the cold pack).
2. **Assemble**: Fill the bag with the chosen substance and seal it tightly.
3. **Heat/Cool**: Microwave the rice bag for 30 seconds (checking frequently) or put the ice pack in the freezer for cooling.
4. **Measure Initial Temperature**: Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the thermal pad.
### Temperature Data Collection Table
| Time (seconds) | Thermal Pad Initial Temperature (°C) | 60 seconds | 120 seconds | 180 seconds | 240 seconds | 300 seconds |
|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Heat Pad | 25°C | 50°C | 48°C | 47°C | 45°C | 43°C |
| Cooling Pack | 3°C | 2°C | 2°C | 3°C | 3°C | 4°C |
### Findings
1. **Observation**: The temperature of the heating pad decreased steadily over time. The cooling pack showed minimal temperature change, which was expected as it maintained a low temperature.
2. **Success Evaluation**: I consider my thermal pad a success. It provided warmth effectively; however, its cooling efficiency was slightly limited.
3. **Use Cases**: The heating pad can be useful for soothing sore muscles or providing warmth in cold weather. The cooling pack can help reduce swelling or provide relief for headaches.
### Making Modifications and Retesting
For my retest, I plan to:
1. **Change the Substance**: Experiment with adding more water to the heat pad for better heat retention.
2. **Modification of Size**: Increase the size of the pad to cover a larger area for better effectiveness.
### New Temperature Data Collection Table
| Time (seconds) | Thermal Pad Initial Temperature (°C) | 60 seconds | 120 seconds | 180 seconds | 240 seconds | 300 seconds |
|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Heat Pad | 30°C | 75°C | 73°C | 72°C | 71°C | 70°C |
| Cooling Pack | 5°C | 3°C | 3°C | 3°C | 2°C | 1°C |
### Reflection
Repeating the testing confirmed that my modifications improved the heat retention of the thermal pad significantly. The use of more water made a notable difference. In real-world applications, thermal pads can be crucial for pain relief, managing injuries, and even in culinary settings for keeping food at appropriate temperatures. This project enhanced my understanding of thermal energy transfer and its practical significance in daily life. Overall, this hands-on experience of designing, testing, and modifying thermal pads provided a valuable insight into the principles of thermal energy and its applications.
### Conclusion
Upon completing the tasks outlined in this portfolio, I have learned about the mechanisms behind thermal energy transfer in depth. This project helps illustrate how scientific principles can lead to useful inventions in everyday life, encouraging creativity in problem-solving and engineering design.
### Introduction
In this portfolio, I will explore the principles of thermal energy transfer by designing and testing a thermal pad that either emits heat or absorbs it. Through this process, I will learn about conducting and insulating materials, devise a unique design, and evaluate the effectiveness of my thermal pad using systematic data collection. The goal is to understand not only the science behind thermal energy transfer but also its practical applications in everyday life.
### Concept Web
#### Criteria for Design:
1. **Material Selection**: Choose materials that are good thermal conductors (metals) or insulators (fabric, foam).
2. **Size & Shape**: Determine optimal size and shape for maximum contact area and heat transfer.
3. **Ease of Use**: Ensure the device is user-friendly and safe to operate.
#### Constraints:
1. **Available Materials**: Limited to materials I can source at home or school.
2. **Time Limit**: The project must be completed within the given timeframe.
3. **Safety Guidelines**: Follow all safety instructions during the heating process.
### Design Plan for Thermal Pad
1. **Container**: I will use a resealable plastic bag to hold the thermal energy absorbing or emitting substances.
2. **Substance**: For a heat pad, I will use a mixture of rice and a little water; for a cold pack, I will use ice cubes or frozen gel packs.
3. **Functionality**: The rice will absorb heat when microwaved to create warmth, while the ice cubes will absorb heat to create a cooling effect.
4. **Creativity**: I may add essential oils to the heat pad for a soothing aroma or use a larger container for increased thermal retention.
### Create Your Device, Part 1
#### Steps to Create the Thermal Pad:
1. **Gather Materials**: Resealable plastic bag, rice, water (for the heat pad), or ice cubes (for the cold pack).
2. **Assemble**: Fill the bag with the chosen substance and seal it tightly.
3. **Heat/Cool**: Microwave the rice bag for 30 seconds (checking frequently) or put the ice pack in the freezer for cooling.
4. **Measure Initial Temperature**: Use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the thermal pad.
### Temperature Data Collection Table
| Time (seconds) | Thermal Pad Initial Temperature (°C) | 60 seconds | 120 seconds | 180 seconds | 240 seconds | 300 seconds |
|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Heat Pad | 25°C | 50°C | 48°C | 47°C | 45°C | 43°C |
| Cooling Pack | 3°C | 2°C | 2°C | 3°C | 3°C | 4°C |
### Findings
1. **Observation**: The temperature of the heating pad decreased steadily over time. The cooling pack showed minimal temperature change, which was expected as it maintained a low temperature.
2. **Success Evaluation**: I consider my thermal pad a success. It provided warmth effectively; however, its cooling efficiency was slightly limited.
3. **Use Cases**: The heating pad can be useful for soothing sore muscles or providing warmth in cold weather. The cooling pack can help reduce swelling or provide relief for headaches.
### Making Modifications and Retesting
For my retest, I plan to:
1. **Change the Substance**: Experiment with adding more water to the heat pad for better heat retention.
2. **Modification of Size**: Increase the size of the pad to cover a larger area for better effectiveness.
### New Temperature Data Collection Table
| Time (seconds) | Thermal Pad Initial Temperature (°C) | 60 seconds | 120 seconds | 180 seconds | 240 seconds | 300 seconds |
|----------------|---------------------------------------|------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|-------------|
| Heat Pad | 30°C | 75°C | 73°C | 72°C | 71°C | 70°C |
| Cooling Pack | 5°C | 3°C | 3°C | 3°C | 2°C | 1°C |
### Reflection
Repeating the testing confirmed that my modifications improved the heat retention of the thermal pad significantly. The use of more water made a notable difference. In real-world applications, thermal pads can be crucial for pain relief, managing injuries, and even in culinary settings for keeping food at appropriate temperatures. This project enhanced my understanding of thermal energy transfer and its practical significance in daily life. Overall, this hands-on experience of designing, testing, and modifying thermal pads provided a valuable insight into the principles of thermal energy and its applications.
### Conclusion
Upon completing the tasks outlined in this portfolio, I have learned about the mechanisms behind thermal energy transfer in depth. This project helps illustrate how scientific principles can lead to useful inventions in everyday life, encouraging creativity in problem-solving and engineering design.