The excerpt from the Magna Carta establishes several key principles regarding the rights of individuals and the limitations on governmental authority. Here are relevant interpretations based on your points:
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All citizens have a right to trial by jury: The phrase "lawful judgement of his peers" suggests that individuals have the right to be judged by a group of equals, which is a foundational principle for the right to trial by jury.
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Punishment for violations of the law was to be in proportion to the seriousness of the offense: Although this specific principle isn't explicitly mentioned in the quote, the notion of lawful judgment implies a fair process that should take the severity of the offense into account.
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Serfs were protected from the power of feudal lords: The Magna Carta primarily aimed to limit the powers of the king and protect the rights of free men. While it did provide some safeguards against arbitrary rule, serfs were generally considered to be under the authority of their lords and might not be fully covered by these protections.
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English kings had more control over nobles: The Magna Carta ultimately served as a means to negotiate the balance of power between the monarchy and the nobles, ensuring that the king could not act arbitrarily without the consent of the governed, indicating a limit rather than an increase in noble authority.
In summary, the Magna Carta was fundamentally about establishing legal rights and principles to protect individuals from arbitrary power, primarily focusing on the rights of free men and the limitations on the monarchy.