The correct analysis of how colonial economics led to long-term challenges for newly independent states is:
Past economic policies of colonial powers centered on serving the economic needs of colonizers rather than the societal needs of local populations.
This statement effectively highlights the fundamental issue of colonial economic systems, which prioritized the interests of the colonizers over the development and welfare of the colonized regions. As a result, newly independent states often faced significant challenges in establishing sustainable economies and meeting the needs of their populations.