HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is transmitted through specific behaviors and routes. The most common ways HIV is transmitted include:
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Unprotected Sexual Contact: Engaging in unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex with an HIV-positive person can lead to transmission. Anal sex carries a higher risk compared to vaginal sex.
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Sharing Needles or Syringes: Individuals who share needles or other drug injection equipment with someone who is HIV-positive can transmit the virus.
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Mother-to-Child Transmission: An HIV-positive mother can transmit the virus to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.
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Blood Transfusions and Organ Transplants: Although rare in countries with rigorous blood screening, receiving HIV-infected blood or organs can result in transmission.
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Exposure to Contaminated Blood: Healthcare workers or others who come into contact with infected blood through cuts or needle sticks may be at risk.
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Unsafely Handling Body Fluids: HIV can be transmitted through contact with infected body fluids, such as blood, vaginal fluids, semen, and breast milk.
It's important to note that HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, kissing, sharing food or drinks, or using the same bathroom. Preventive measures, including using condoms, taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and regular HIV testing, can significantly reduce the risk of transmission.