Under the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war through Article 231, commonly known as the "War Guilt Clause." This clause placed the blame for World War I squarely on Germany and its allies, leading to significant reparations and territorial losses for the country. The attribution of sole responsibility was a major point of contention and contributed to the political and economic instability in Germany in the years following the war.
Who was forced to assume sole responsibility for the war under the treaty of Versailles?
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